SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Effect of Elective Cesarean Section on Children's Obesity From Birth to Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between maternal overweight and obesity with cesarean section delivery in Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and attributable risk.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- An Evaluation of Cesarean Section Deliveries in Ebeye, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2023.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2026Article
- Intrapartum caesarean delivery and childhood BMI trajectories in relation to the infant gut microbiome in the VDAART prospective birth cohort.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Growth and Weight Status in Indigenous Children Under 5 Years of Age in Northeastern Brazil.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Microbiota-driven mechanisms in multisystem diseases: integrative evidence across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and autoimmune disorders.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Microbiological Foundations to Optimise Intrinsic Capacity and Promote Healthy Ageing: An Integration Into the Life Course Approach.Aging cell · 2025Review
- A holistic exploration of the psychosocial, environmental, neurobiological, and individual factors influencing children's food choices: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Deciphering the concurrent phenomenon of childhood malnutrition by using the extended composite index of anthropometric failure (ECIAF): facts from the BESLEN project.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Does overweight and obesity have an impact on delivery mode and peripartum outcome in breech presentation? A FRABAT cohort study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Nutritional counselling and risk factors for obesity: an observational study in toddlers.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Pre-labor and post-labor cesarean delivery and early childhood adiposity in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Article
- Women's preferences for caesarean or vaginal birth with a perspective of future fertility: A discrete choice experiment.PloS one · 2024Article
- FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2023Article
- Prenatal and perinatal influences on the microbiome: Clinical implications.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Difficulties in Adaptation of the Mother and Newborn via Cesarean Section versus Natural Birth-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElective cesarean section (ECS) is the most common reason for the increasing cesarean section rate worldwide, and it is reported to be related to adverse short-term and long-term outcomes in both mothers and infants. Findings on the association between ECS and overweight and obesity in children are controversial in recent studies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of ECS on offspring's overweight and obesity.
methodsPubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Database (in Chinese), and China Biology Medicine disc databases were searched using different combinations of three groups of keywords: "elective cesarean section," "overweight/obesity," and "children." Nine cohort studies and 11 independent risk estimates were finally identified.
resultsWe have observed significant association between ECS and children's obesity, the total pooled risk ratio (RR) being 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.18;
conclusionsOverall, it indicated that children born SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021267211, identifier: CRD42021267211.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.