Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to Hospital: An Observational, Retrospective, Cohort Study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of serum total testosterone and luteinizing hormone variations across hospitalized Covid-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between COVID-19 infection and sex steroid hormones.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Testosterone and androgen receptor pathway modulation in sepsis: immunometabolic mechanisms and therapeutic implications - a scoping review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Prognostic Impact of Vaccination, Comorbidity, and Inflammatory Biomarkers on Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Correlation between SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and the hormones DHEA, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- The influence of gender on the epidemiology of and outcome from sepsis associated acute kidney injury in ICU: a retrospective propensity-matched cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic index with all-cause mortality during hospitalization in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study from MIMIC IV2.2.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of sex differences on cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Total Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Status in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2023Article
- The Complex Interplay between Serum Testosterone and the Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.The world journal of men's health · 2023Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications.Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
- Causal Inference of Central Nervous System-Regulated Hormones in COVID-19: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Host Response of Syrian Hamster to SARS-CoV-2 Infection including Differences with Humans and between Sexes.Viruses · 2023Article
- Progesterone as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug and Immunomodulator: New Aspects in Hormonal Regulation of the Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in Older Individuals Requiring Hospitalization.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
- Association of Male Hypogonadism With Risk of Hospitalization for COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the cause of sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes is a major challenge. We investigate sex hormone levels and their association with outcomes in COVID-19 patients, stratified by sex and age. This observational, retrospective, cohort study included 138 patients aged 18 years or older with COVID-19, hospitalized in Italy between February 1 and May 30, 2020. The association between sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) and outcomes (ARDS, severe COVID-19, in-hospital mortality) was explored in 120 patients aged 50 years and over. STROBE checklist was followed. The median age was 73.5 years [IQR 61, 82]; 55.8% were male. In older males, testosterone was lower if ARDS and severe COVID-19 were reported than if not (3.6
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.