ReviewMediators of inflammation2022
Dysregulated Bradykinin: Mystery in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The rationale for the treatment of long-Covid symptoms - A cardiologist's view.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pathophysiology of COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ICAT-COVID Clinical Trial of the Bradykinin Antagonist Icatibant.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Three-Day Icatibant on Top of Standard Care in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2, Proof-of-Concept Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Therapeutic Targeting of the Bradykinin B2 Receptor in Immunological and Vascular Diseases: Insights from Kinin Biology to Clinical Outcomes.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Insights from the Evolution of Coagulation: A New Perspective on Anti-Inflammatory Strategies in the ICU-Focus on the Contact Activation System.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Assessment of the myocardial effects of Bradykinin inhibitors by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in discharged COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bradykinin measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in subjects with hereditary angioedema enhanced by cold activation.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Inhibition of kinin B1 receptor alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced long-lasting cardiovascular complications.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Escin's Action on Bradykinin Pathway: Advantageous Clinical Properties for an Unknown Mechanism?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- COVID-19: Unveiling the Neuropsychiatric Maze-From Acute to Long-Term Manifestations.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- COVID-19: Not a thrombotic disease but a thromboinflammatory disease.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2024Review
- Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- Review
- The Renin-Angiotensin System in COVID-19: Can Long COVID Be Predicted?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A survival analysis of socio-demographic and clinical predictors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Southern Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading, and health care systems are being overwhelmed with the huge number of cases, with a good number of cases requiring intensive care. It has become imperative to develop safe and effective treatment strategies to improve survival. In this regard, understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is highly important. Many hypotheses have been proposed, including the ACE/angiotensin-II/angiotensin receptor 1 pathway, the complement pathway, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/mitochondrial assembly receptor (ACE2/MasR) pathway. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 on the cell surface, downregulating the ACE2, and thus impairs the inactivation of bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin. Bradykinin, a linear nonapeptide, is extensively distributed in plasma and different tissues. Kininogens in plasma and tissue are the main sources of the two vasoactive peptides called bradykinin and kallidin. However, the role of the dysregulated bradykinin pathway is less explored in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is crucial for the development of new effective treatment approaches which interfere with these pathways. In this review, we have tried to explore the interaction between SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, bradykinin, and its metabolite des-Arg9-bradykinin in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.