ArticleActa psychiatrica Scandinavica2022
Educational attainment and mortality in schizophrenia.
Article in Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ mental health · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Socioeconomic Position in the Association Between Mental Disorders and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Position and Somatic Comorbidity in Mental Disorders.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated With Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- The Norwegian Adult Mental Health Registry for Quality Control in Specialized Mental Health Services: Protocol for a Nationwide Naturalistic Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Study protocol for the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 19 - from age 15 to age 19: transition from adolescence to early adulthood.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Trajectory analysis of BMI increase induced by second-generation antipsychotics in first-episode schizophrenia: a secondary analysis based on CNFEST***.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Genetic insights into schizophrenia: ERBB4 and GABRB2 polymorphisms in the Lebanese population.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Associations of Genetic Liability to Six Psychiatric Disorders With Cardiometabolic Diseases.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Cause-specific mortality in individuals with and without mental disorders according to socioeconomic position: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in a Latin American Population With Severe Mental Illness: An Observational Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Observational
- Molecular and Functional Analysis of TLR 1, 2 and 6 in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pharmacist-led Si-care (schizophrenia care) model to improve medication adherence and symptom management in schizophrenia.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated with Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Study on the causal relationship between educational attainment and delirium: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Identifying the mediating role of socioeconomic status on the relationship between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a Mendelian randomisation analysis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Large-scale genome-wide association study to identify causal relationships and potential mediators between education and autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Morphology of Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Its Relation to Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Educational attainment and mortality in schizophrenia.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals suffering from schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major contributor. Low educational attainment is associated with schizophrenia, as well as with all-cause and CVD mortality. However, it is unknown to what extent low educational attainment can explain the increased mortality in individuals with schizophrenia.
aimHere, we quantify associations between educational attainment and all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with schizophrenia, and compare them with the corresponding associations in the general population.
methodAll Norwegian citizens born between January 1, 1925, and December 31, 1959, were followed up from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2014. The total sample included 1,852,113 individuals, of which 6548 were registered with schizophrenia. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and CVD mortality with Cox models, in addition to life years lost. Educational attainment for index persons and their parents were included in the models.
resultsIn the general population individuals with low educational attainment had higher risk of all-cause (HR: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.47-1.49]) and CVD (HR: 1.59 [95% CI: 1.57-1.61]) mortality. In individuals with schizophrenia these estimates were substantially lower (all-cause: HR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.05-1.21] and CVD: HR: 1.12 [95% CI: 0.98-1.27]). Low educational attainment accounted for 3.28 (3.21-3.35) life years lost in males and 2.48 (2.42-2.55) years in females in the general population, but was not significantly associated with life years lost in individuals with schizophrenia. Results were similar for parental educational attainment.
conclusionsOur results indicate that while individuals with schizophrenia in general have lower educational attainment and higher mortality rates compared with the general population, the association between educational attainment and mortality is smaller in schizophrenia subjects than in the general population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.