Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35151738›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2022

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and importance of population size assessment in smaller cities: An exploratory case study from two municipalities in Latvia.

Dita Gudra, Sandis Dejus, Vadims Bartkevics, Ance Roga, Ineta Kalnina, Martins Strods, Anton Rayan, Kristina Kokina, Anna Zajakina, Uga Dumpis and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Population Based on Mobile Signaling Data and Its Correlation With Wastewater Quantity and Quality.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Dita GudraLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Sandis DejusRiga Technical University, Laboratory of Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology, Kipsalas iela 6a/6b, Riga LV-1048, Latvia.
Vadims BartkevicsInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1067, Latvia. Electronic address: vadims.bartkevics@bior.lv.
Ance RogaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Ineta KalninaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Martins StrodsRiga Technical University, Laboratory of Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology, Kipsalas iela 6a/6b, Riga LV-1048, Latvia.
Anton RayanRiga Technical University, Laboratory of Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology, Kipsalas iela 6a/6b, Riga LV-1048, Latvia.
Kristina KokinaRiga Technical University, Laboratory of Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology, Kipsalas iela 6a/6b, Riga LV-1048, Latvia.
Anna ZajakinaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Uga DumpisUniversity of Latvia, Aspazijas bulvaris 5, Riga LV-1050, Latvia.
Laura Elina IkkereInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Irina ArhipovaLatvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela iela 2, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia.
Gundars BerzinsUniversity of Latvia, Aspazijas bulvaris 5, Riga LV-1050, Latvia.
Aldis ErglisUniversity of Latvia, Aspazijas bulvaris 5, Riga LV-1050, Latvia.
Juris BindeLLC "Latvian Mobile Telephone", Ropazu iela 6, Riga LV-1039, Latvia.
Evija AnsonskaUniversity of Latvia, Aspazijas bulvaris 5, Riga LV-1050, Latvia.
Aivars BerzinsInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
Talis JuhnaRiga Technical University, Laboratory of Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology, Kipsalas iela 6a/6b, Riga LV-1048, Latvia. Electronic address: talis.juhna@rtu.lv.
Davids FridmanisLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia. Electronic address: davids@biomed.lu.lv.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has regained global importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mobility of people and other factors, such as precipitation and irregular inflow of industrial wastewater, are complicating the estimation of the disease prevalence through WBE, which is crucial for proper crisis management. These estimations are particularly challenging in urban areas with moderate or low numbers of inhabitants in situations where movement restrictions are not adopted (as in the case of Latvia) because residents of smaller municipalities tend to be more mobile and less strict in following the rules and measures of disease containment. Thus, population movement can influence the outcome of WBE measurements significantly and may not reflect the actual epidemiological situation in the respective area. Here, we demonstrate that by combining the data of detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) analyses in wastewater and mobile call detail records it was possible to provide an accurate assessment of the COVID-19 epidemiological situation in towns that are small (COVID-19 28-day cumulative incidence r = 0.609 and 35-day cumulative incidence r = 0.89, p < 0.05) and medium-sized towns (COVID-19 21-day cumulative incidence r = 0.997, 28-day cumulative incidence r = 0.98 and 35-day cumulative incidence r = 0.997, p < 0.05). This is the first study demonstrating WBE for monitoring COVID-19 outbreaks in Latvia. We demonstrate that the application of population size estimation measurements such as total 5-HIAA and call detail record data improve the accuracy of the WBE approach.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2CitiesHumansLatviaPandemicsPopulation DensityRNA, ViralWastewaterRNA, ViralWastewater5-HIAAddPCRMobile phone dataSARS-CoV-2WastewaterWBE

Identifiers

PMID35151738
PMCPMC8830921

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.