Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35151360›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2022

Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in females in Namibia, 2016-2017.

Erastus H Haindongo, Binta Funtua, Boni Singu, Marius Hedimbi, Francis Kalemeera, Jana Hamman, Olli Vainio, Antti J Hakanen, Jaana Vuopio

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Erastus H HaindongoSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. ehaindongo@unam.na.ORCID 0000-0002-7094-6569
Binta FuntuaSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Boni SinguSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Marius HedimbiSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Francis KalemeeraSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Jana HammanNamibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia.
Olli VainioFaculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Antti J HakanenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Jaana VuopioInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens demands a local understanding of the epidemiological situation. This information is needed both for clinical treatment decision-making purposes as well as for the revision of current care guidelines. Clinical AMR data from Namibia is sparse, whilst urinary tract infections remain not only widespread but they disproportionally affect females. This paper aims to describe the national antimicrobial resistance situation of major bacterial uropathogens in females within the 14 Namibian regions.

methodRetrospective countrywide information on clinical urine cultures performed in females in Namibia in 2016-2017 was obtained from the national public health laboratory, Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP). The data set included both microbiological findings as well as antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results. The AST was done as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was indicative of Extended Spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL) production. Data analysis was done with WHONET using expert interpretation rules.

resultsIn total, 22,259 urinary cultures were performed, of which 13,673 (61.4%) were culture positive. Gram-negative bacterial species accounted for 72.6% of the findings. The most common pathogens identified were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Most of these were from young females, with a median age ranging from 28 to 32 years for the various pathogens. Resistance to ampicillin was 77.7% in E. coli and 84.9% in K. pneumoniae. In E. coli, resistance to 1

conclusionWe report high resistance to ampicillin, quinolones and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim amongst E. coli. Resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins was also concerningly high at 22%. Resistance to carbapenems was low. However, superiority of nitrofurantoin was found, which provides rational support for the usefulness of nitrofurantoin as an empiric therapy regimen for the treatment of urinary tract infections in this setting.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsUrinary Tract InfectionsAdultBacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialEscherichia coliFemaleHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNamibiaRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistanceEscherichia coliFemaleNamibiaUrinary tract infectionsUropathogens

Identifiers

PMID35151360
PMCPMC8840701

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.