Trial reportBMC health services research2022
Cost-effectiveness analysis of combined cognitive and vocational rehabilitation in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI: results from a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect Evaluation of Combined Cognitive and Vocational Interventions After Mild-to-moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: a Randomized Controlled Trial and Qualitative Process Evaluation
Effectiveness of Home-Based Exergame Motor-Cognitive Rehabilitation Versus Outpatient Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Controlled Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic hypothermia in patients with traumatic brain injury: an umbrella review.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cost consequences analysis of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors.Clinical rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Rehabilitation and outcomes after complicated vs uncomplicated mild TBI: results from the CENTER-TBI study.BMC health services research · 2022Trial
- The relationship between personality traits and health-related quality of life after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Characterizing positive and negative quantitative susceptibility values in the cortex following mild traumatic brain injury: a depth- and curvature-based study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation for acquired brain injuries: Update of Stolwyk et al.'s (2019) review.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Mild traumatic brain injury increases cortical iron: evidence from individual susceptibility mapping.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Health care costs and service utilization in the first year following moderate to severe traumatic injury.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting Circadian Protein Rev-erbα to Alleviate Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Enhance Functional Recovery Following Brain Trauma.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differences in Eotaxin Serum Levels between Polytraumatized Patients with and without Concomitant Traumatic Brain Injury-A Matched Pair Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- What Does It Take to Get Somebody Back to Work after Severe Acquired Brain Injury? Service Actions within the Vocational Intervention Program (VIP 2.0).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a financial burden to the healthcare system, patients, their families and society. Rehabilitation interventions with the potential for reducing costs associated with TBI are demanded. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a randomized, controlled, parallel group trial that compared the effectiveness of a combined cognitive and vocational intervention to treatment as usual (TAU) on vocational outcomes.
methodsOne-hundred sixteen participants with mild-to-moderate TBI were recruited from an outpatient clinic at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. They were randomized to a cognitive rehabilitation intervention (Compensatory Cognitive Training, CCT) and Supported Employment (SE) or TAU in a 1:1 ratio. Costs of CCT-SE and TAU, healthcare services, informal care and productivity loss were assessed 3, 6 and 12 months after study inclusion. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated from the difference in number of days until return to pre-injury work levels between CCT-SE and TAU and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from the EQ-5D-5L across 12 months follow-up. Cost-utility was expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).
resultsThe mean total costs of healthcare services was € 3,281 in the CCT-SE group and € 2,300 in TAU, informal care was € 2,761 in CCT-SE and € 3,591 in TAU, and productivity loss was € 30,738 in CCT-SE and € 33,401 in TAU. Costs related to productivity loss accounted for 84% of the total costs. From a healthcare perspective, the ICER was € 56 per day earlier back to work in the CCT-SE group. Given a threshold of € 27,500 per QALY gained, adjusting for baseline difference in EQ-5D-5L index values revealed a net monetary benefit (NMB) of € -561 (0.009*27,500-979) from the healthcare perspective, indicating higher incremental costs for the CCT-SE group. From the societal perspective, the NMB was € 1,566 (0.009*27,500-(-1,319)), indicating that the CCT-SE intervention was a cost-effective alternative to TAU.
conclusionsCosts associated with productivity loss accounted for the majority of costs in both groups and were lower in the CCT-SE group. The CCT-SE intervention was a cost-effective alternative to TAU when considering the societal perspective, but not from a healthcare perspective.
trial registrationClinicalTrails.gov NCT03092713 .
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.