ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2022
Integrin mediates cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus independent of cellular receptor ACE2.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiological research · 2023Pooled it
- Fibrinogen as a Molecular Bridge Linking SARS-CoV‑2 Immune Evasion and Endothelial Access?ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Exploring Spike-Dependent and ACE2-Independent SARS-CoV-2 Interactions with Salivary Epithelial Cells in the Absence of ACE2.Biology · 2026Article
- HLA-C-derived peptide MH-1 as an early-stage intervention against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Novel octapeptide containing the RGD sequence as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent: design, synthesis, and theoretical studies.Amino acids · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Fusion in SARS-CoV-2: An Evolving Strategy for Transmission and Immune Evasion.Viruses · 2025Review
- An RGD motif on SARS-CoV-2 Spike induces TGF-β signaling and downregulates interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Translating animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Current Advances and Applications of Animal Models in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Kinetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 S1-Integrin Binding Using Live-Cell, Label-Free Optical Biosensing.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Identification and targeting of regulators of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions in the airway epithelium.Science advances · 2025Article
- Structural basis of TMPRSS11D specificity and autocleavage activation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Balancing stability and function: impact of the surface charge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Mutational pressure promotes release of public CD8iScience · 2025Article
- Productive infection of the retinal pigment epithelium by SARS-CoV-2: Initial effects and consideration of long-term consequences.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Proteomic analysis of lung responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in aged non-human primates: clinical and research relevance.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Innovative nebulization delivery of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA: a therapeutic advance for Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Insight into the role of integrins and integrins-targeting biomaterials in bone regeneration.Connective tissue research · 2024Review
- Identifications of novel host cell factors that interact with the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is broadly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its spike protein to recognize the extracellular domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells for viral infection. However, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry may occur. We show quantitatively that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein also binds to the extracellular domain of broadly expressed integrin α5β1 with an affinity comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. More importantly, we provide direct evidence that such binding promotes the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 into non-ACE2 cells in a manner critically dependent upon the activation of the integrin. Our data demonstrate an alternative pathway for the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that upon initial ACE2-mediated invasion of the virus in the respiratory system, which is known to trigger an immune response and secretion of cytokines to activate integrin, the integrin-mediated cell invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the respiratory system and other organs becomes effective, thereby promoting further infection and progression of COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.