ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022
Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Informal Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acceptance and commitment therapy among caregivers of people with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among Informal Caregivers of People With Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Caring amid crisis: a qualitative study of caregivers' experiences, wellbeing, and support for older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Quality of life and burden during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study with family caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the complexities: A scoping review of the collateral effects on informal caregivers during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Review
- Socio-Demographic Factors Linked to Psychological Well-Being in Dementia Caregivers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The prevalence, characteristics, and psychological wellbeing of unpaid carers in the United Kingdom.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- The impact of informal caregiving on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic-cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the VOICE study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Psychological distress and coping strategies among caregivers of children with cancer: a cross-sectional study.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Intersecting inequities: a scoping review of the gendered relationship between unpaid care work and intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 lockdown in Canada.Global health action · 2024Article
- Mental and Physical Wellbeing of Carer-Employees in Canada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Healthcare system navigation difficulties among informal caregivers of older adults: a logistic regression analysis of social capital, caregiving support and utilization factors.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Perceived loss of support to community caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Journal of community psychology · 2024Article
- Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Newly Admitted Long-term Care Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada.Health services insights · 2024Article
- Resilience as a protective factor against depression in informal caregivers.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Roles and experiences of informal caregivers of older adults in community and healthcare system navigation: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Physical and mental health of informal caregivers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Quality of Life Predictors in a Group of Informal Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Transition Into the Caregiver Role Among Older Adults: A Study of Social Participation and Social Support Based on the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- The Effects of Loneliness on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults During COVID-19: Longitudinal Analyses of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesStudies on informal caregiving during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have mainly focused on subgroups of caregivers using cross-sectional or convenience samples, limiting the generalizability of findings. Conversely, this longitudinal study examines the effects of the pandemic and caregiving factors on depressive symptoms and anxiety over 9 months among informal caregivers in Canada.
methodsThis study uses data from the Baseline (2011-2015), Follow-up 1 (2015-2018), and COVID-19 Study Baseline survey (April to May 2020) and Exit surveys (September to December 2020) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). A total of 14,118 CLSA participants who were caregivers at Follow-up 1 and participated in the COVID-19 studies were selected. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of sex of caregiver, changes in caregiving (increase in caregiving hours and inability to care), and location of care (same household, another household, and health care institution) on depressive symptoms and anxiety from COVID-19 studies Baseline to Exit surveys (about 6-7 months apart).
resultsInformal caregivers reported more frequent depressive symptoms from the COVID-19 Baseline to Exit surveys, but not anxiety. Female caregivers reported greater depressive symptoms and anxiety, and male caregivers exhibited a greater increase in depressive symptoms and anxiety over time. More caregiving hours and inability to provide care were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety. Also, in-home caregivers reported more depressive symptoms and anxiety than those who cared for someone in health care institution, and more anxiety than those who cared for some in another household. DISCUSSION: The findings shed light on the change in mental health among informal caregivers during the outset of the pandemic. The demonstrated associations between studied variables and mental health among informal caregivers provide empirical evidence for intervention programs aiming to support caregivers, particularly those who are female, and providing intensive care at home.
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