ArticleCytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry2022
Unsupervised cluster analysis and subset characterization of abnormal erythropoiesis using the bioinformatic Flow-Self Organizing Maps algorithm.
Article in Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune monitoring for relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in clinical laboratories.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Myelodysplastic Syndrome Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Research advances in the adjunctive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Immunophenotyping myelodysplastic neoplasms: the role of flow cytometry in the molecular classification era.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Artificial intelligence to empower diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes by multiparametric flow cytometry.Haematologica · 2023Article
- Unsupervised cluster analysis and subset characterization of abnormal erythropoiesis using the bioinformatic Flow-Self Organizing Maps algorithm.Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Flow-Self Organizing Maps (FlowSOM) artificial intelligence (AI) program, available within the Bioconductor open-source R-project, allows for an unsupervised visualization and interpretation of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) data.
methodsApplied to a reference merged file from 11 normal bone marrows (BM) analyzed with an MFC panel targeting erythropoiesis, FlowSOM allowed to identify six subpopulations of erythropoietic precursors (EPs). In order to find out how this program would help in the characterization of abnormalities in erythropoiesis, MFC data from list-mode files of 16 patients (5 with non-clonal anemia and 11 with myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS] at diagnosis) were analyzed.
resultsUnsupervised FlowSOM analysis identified 18 additional subsets of EPs not present in the merged normal BM samples. Most of them involved subtle unexpected and previously unreported modifications in CD36 and/or CD71 antigen expression and in side scatter characteristics. Three patterns were observed in MDS patient samples: i) EPs with decreased proliferation and abnormal proliferating precursors, ii) EPs with a normal proliferating fraction and maturation defects in late precursors, and iii) EPs with a reduced erythropoietic fraction but mostly normal patterns suggesting that erythropoiesis was less affected. Additionally, analysis of sequential samples from an MDS patient under treatment showed a decrease of abnormal subsets after azacytidine treatment and near normalization after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
conclusionUnsupervised clustering analysis of MFC data discloses subtle alterations in erythropoiesis not detectable by cytology nor FCM supervised analysis. This novel AI analytical approach sheds some new light on the pathophysiology of these conditions.
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