Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35149912›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2022

Donepezil HCl Liposomes: Development, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Study.

Amarjitsing Rajput, Shital Butani

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Amarjitsing RajputDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
Shital ButaniDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India. shital_26@yahoo.com.
Nirma University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current research work aims to study the pharmacokinetic and nasal ciliotoxicity of donepezil liposome-based in situ gel to treat Alzheimer's disease. The physicochemical properties and first-pass metabolism of donepezil HCl result in low concentrations reaching the brain post oral administration. To overcome this problem, donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes were formulated using the ethanol injection method. The donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes were spherical with a size of 103 ± 6.2 nm, polydispersity index of 0.108 ± 0.008, and entrapment efficiency of 93 ± 5.33 %. The optimized in situ gel with donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes showed 80.11 ± 7.77 % drug permeation than donepezil HCl solution-based in situ gel (13.12 ± 4.84 %) across sheep nasal mucosa. The nasal ciliotoxicity study indicated the safety of developed formulation for administration via nasal route. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution study of developed formulation showed higher drug concentration (1239.61 ± 123.60 pg/g) in the brain after nasal administration indicating its better potential via the nasal pathway. To treat Alzheimer's disease, the administration of liposome-based in situ gel through the nasal pathway can therefore be considered as an effective and promising mode of drug delivery.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsLiposomesAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsBrainDonepezilDrug LiberationNasal MucosaSheepTissue DistributionDonepezilLiposomesbioavailabilityblood-brain barrierdonepezil HClintranasalliposomes

Identifiers

PMID35149912
OpenAlexW4210951369

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.