ArticleCell death & disease2022
Autolysosomes and caspase-3 control the biogenesis and release of immunogenic apoptotic exosomes.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generating exosome subtypes: diverse membrane origins and mergers.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Plant-Derived Vesicles in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Microvascular autophagy and caspase-3 activation are central regulators of renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Serum starvation drives ALIX-dependent extracellular vesicle biogenesis and determines tumor progression.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Review
- Bon appétit, your phagocyte.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Apoptotic extracellular vesicles: unveiling mechanisms, diverse functions, and biomedical implications.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- The dual role of extracellular vesicles in vascular calcification: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles mediate immune regulation in acute kidney injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Endothelial extracellular vesicle miR-423-5p regulates microvascular homeostasis and renal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Crosstalk of Autophagy and Apoptosis: A Role for Lipid Rafts.Cells · 2025Review
- Things you wanted to know about fungal extracellular vesicles (but were afraid to ask).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Extra-Tumoral Vaccine Effects of Apoptotic Bodies in the Advancement of Cancer Treatment.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Apoptotic mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted apoptotic extracellular vesicles: therapeutic applications and mechanisms.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in malignant and normal B lymphocyte growth and development.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetes and complications: mechanistic insights and translational prospects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Vascular injury derived apoptotic exosome-like vesicles trigger autoimmunity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Exosomes derived from programmed cell death: mechanism and biological significance.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- The ins-and-outs of exosome biogenesis, secretion, and internalization.Trends in cell biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExos) are a novel type of extracellular vesicle that contribute to the propagation of inflammation at sites of vascular injury when released by dying cells. ApoExos are characterized by the presence of the C-terminal perlecan LG3 fragment and 20S proteasome, and they are produced downstream of caspase-3 activation. In the present study, we assessed the relative roles of autophagy and caspase-3-mediated pathways in controlling the biogenesis and secretion of immunogenic ApoExos. Using electron microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in serum-starved endothelial cells, we identified large autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, and autophagosomes as a site of ApoExo biogenesis. Inhibition of autophagy with ATG7 siRNA or biochemical inhibitors (wortmannin and bafilomycin) coupled with proteomics analysis showed that autophagy regulated the processing of perlecan into LG3 and its loading onto ApoExos but was dispensable for ApoExo biogenesis. Caspase-3 activation was identified using caspase-3-deficient endothelial cells or caspase inhibitors as a pivotal regulator of fusion events between autolysosomes and the cell membrane, therefore regulating the release of immunogenic ApoExos. Collectively, these findings identified autolysosomes as a site of ApoExo biogenesis and caspase-3 as a crucial regulator of autolysosome cell membrane interactions involved in the secretion of immunogenic ApoExos.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.