ArticleCell2022
An adjuvant strategy enabled by modulation of the physical properties of microbial ligands expands antigen immunogenicity.
Article in Cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota-derived self-adjuvanting exopolysaccharide-based codelivery system for potent cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of Mannan on the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Immunofunctions of Protein and Carbohydrate Assemblies Modulated by Structures Acrossing Scales as Biomaterials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Versatile Targeted Celastrol Nanoassemblies for Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effects Against MRSA Infection.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bacterialized tumor cells as vaccine.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- A glycan-based adjuvant expands the breadth and duration of protection of mRNA-based vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Fungal glycans boost mRNA-based vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Identification of Mannose-Capped-Arabinomannan 101-mer as a Potential Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A novel whole cancer cell vaccine based on modified β-glucan elicits robust anti-tumor immunity.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Discovery of a small molecule TLR3 agonist adjuvant.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Polyethyleneimine-modifiedMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-score: a novel prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
- Interferons in health and disease.Cell · 2025Review
- Review
- Construction and evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing Micropterus salmoides hepcidin.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- A promisingClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Review
- Microbiota mechanisms in cancer progression and therapy.Cell chemical biology · 2025Review
- Transient inhibition of type I interferon enhances CD8+ T cell stemness and vaccine protection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
34 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is key to generate lasting adaptive immunity. PRRs detect unique chemical patterns associated with invading microorganisms, but whether and how the physical properties of PRR ligands influence the development of the immune response remains unknown. Through the study of fungal mannans, we show that the physical form of PRR ligands dictates the immune response. Soluble mannans are immunosilent in the periphery but elicit a potent pro-inflammatory response in the draining lymph node (dLN). By modulating the physical form of mannans, we developed a formulation that targets both the periphery and the dLN. When combined with viral glycoprotein antigens, this mannan formulation broadens epitope recognition, elicits potent antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies, and confers protection against viral infections of the lung. Thus, the physical properties of microbial ligands determine the outcome of the immune response and can be harnessed for vaccine development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.