ArticlePLoS pathogens2022
The actin nucleator Spir-1 is a virus restriction factor that promotes innate immune signalling.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deciphering Autoantigen Signatures in Chikungunya Virus Infection Using Machine Learning: A Data-Driven Approach to Understand Host Immunity.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The monkeypox virus-host interplays.Cell insight · 2024Review
- HDAC5 enhances IRF3 activation and is targeted for degradation by protein C6 from orthopoxviruses including Monkeypox virus and Variola virus.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The Viral Protein K7 Inhibits Biochemical Activities and Condensate Formation by the DEAD-box Helicase DDX3X.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Article
- Comparative genomics and integrated system biology approach unveiled undirected phylogeny patterns, mutational hotspots, functional patterns, and molecule repurposing for monkeypox virus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Review
- Monkeypox virus: phylogenomics, host-pathogen interactome and mutational cascade.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular proteins often have multiple and diverse functions. This is illustrated with protein Spir-1 that is an actin nucleator, but, as shown here, also functions to enhance innate immune signalling downstream of RNA sensing by RIG-I/MDA-5. In human and mouse cells lacking Spir-1, IRF3 and NF-κB-dependent gene activation is impaired, whereas Spir-1 overexpression enhanced IRF3 activation. Furthermore, the infectious virus titres and sizes of plaques formed by two viruses that are sensed by RIG-I, vaccinia virus (VACV) and Zika virus, are increased in Spir-1 KO cells. These observations demonstrate the biological importance of Spir-1 in the response to virus infection. Like cellular proteins, viral proteins also have multiple and diverse functions. Here, we also show that VACV virulence factor K7 binds directly to Spir-1 and that a diphenylalanine motif of Spir-1 is needed for this interaction and for Spir-1-mediated enhancement of IRF3 activation. Thus, Spir-1 is a new virus restriction factor and is targeted directly by an immunomodulatory viral protein that enhances virus virulence and diminishes the host antiviral responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.