ArticleJournal of molecular neuroscience : MN2022
All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Motor Function and Alleviate Tissue Damage After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibition of HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway Through Autophagy Activation.
Article in Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Current status and future prospects of functionalized mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Synergistic Efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum Supernatant-Preconditioned BM-MSCs in Alleviating Depression, Anxiety-Like Behavior, and Memory Impairment in a Rat Stress Model by Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- The Role of Autophagy in Long-term Effects of Spinal Cord Injury: Does Exosome Change the Autophagy Process and Vice Versa?Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Osteoporosis: Osteoimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Macrophage Axis: Potential Targets for Inflammatory Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Assessing the inflammation in pediatric MOGAD: Significance of CSF HMGB1 and related biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Involvement of role of HMGB1-NLRP3 pathway in systemic disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- All-trans retinoic acid pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells enhances the therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Review
- The Role of Vitamins in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Benefits.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2024Review
- Downregulation of High mobility group box 2 relieves spinal cord injury by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.Experimental animals · 2023Article
- High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Spinal Cord Injury and Its Potential Role in Brain Functional Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Formation and activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and histopathological changes in the lung of corpses with COVID-19.Journal of molecular histology · 2022Article
- Review: The role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant public health issue that imposes numerous burdens on patients and society. Uncontrolled excessive inflammation in the second pathological phase of SCI can aggravate the injury. In this paper, we hypothesized that suppressing inflammatory pathways via autophagy could aid functional recovery, and prevent spinal cord tissue degeneration following SCI. To this end, we examined the effects of intrathecal injection of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATRA-MSCs) on autophagy activity and the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in an SCI rat model. This study demonstrated that SCI increased the expression of Beclin-1 (an autophagy-related gene) and NLRP3 inflammasome components such as NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, following SCI, the protein levels of key autophagy factors (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) and HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway factors (HMGB1, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and TNF-α) increased. Our findings indicated that ATRA-MSCs enhanced Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels, regulated the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. These factors improved hind limb motor activity and aided in the survival of neurons. Furthermore, ATRA-MSCs demonstrated greater beneficial effects than MSCs in treating spinal cord injury. Overall, ATRA-MSC treatment revealed beneficial effects on the damaged spinal cord by suppressing excessive inflammation and activating autophagy. Further research and investigation of the pathways involved in SCI and the use of amplified stem cells may be beneficial for future clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.