ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2022
Factors affecting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in school settings.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Case Volume During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- From Entry to Outbreak in a High School Setting: Clinical and Wastewater Surveillance of a Rare SARS-CoV-2 Variant.Viruses · 2025Article
- "They Protect us as if they were our Mom" Masking Attitudes from Freelist Survey Data and Qualitative Interviews in San Diego School Communities.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Keeping university open did not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition: A test negative case-control study among students.PloS one · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Factors affecting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in school settings.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have reported SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in schools, with a wide range of secondary attack rate (SAR; range: 0-100%). We aimed to examine key risk factors to better understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools.
methodsWe collected records of 35 SARS-CoV-2 school outbreaks globally published from January 2020 to July 2021 and compiled information on hypothesized risk factors. We utilized the directed acyclic graph (DAG) to conceptualize risk mechanisms, used logistic regression to examine each risk-factor group, and further built multirisk models.
resultsThe best-fit model showed that the intensity of community transmission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.16, for each increase of 1 case per 10 000 persons per week) and individualism (aOR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.50-4.95, above vs. below the mean) was associated higher risk, whereas preventive measures (aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.19-0.32, distancing and masking vs. none) and higher population immunity (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.71) were associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools. Compared with students in high schools, the aOR was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.23-0.95) for students in preschools and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.76-1.08) for students in primary schools.
conclusionsPreventive measures in schools (e.g., social distancing and mask wearing) and communal efforts to lower transmission and increase vaccination uptake (i.e., vaccine-induced population immunity) in the community should be taken to collectively reduce transmission and protect children in schools.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.