ArticleMolecular ecology2022
Novel genetic sex markers reveal unexpected lack of, and similar susceptibility to, sex reversal in free-living common toads in both natural and anthropogenic habitats.
Article in Molecular ecology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering the transcriptional landscape of estrogen-induced gonadal feminization in the Chinese giant salamander.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Higher Sex-Reversal Rate of Urban Frogs in a Common-Garden Experiment Suggests Adaptive Microevolution.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Development and validation of sex-associated markers using whole-genome re-sequencing in frogFrontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- No sex-dependent mortality in an amphibian upon infection with the chytrid fungus,Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Novel genetic sex markers reveal unexpected lack of, and similar susceptibility to, sex reversal in free-living common toads in both natural and anthropogenic habitats.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental changes are affecting biodiversity and microevolution worldwide. Ectothermic vertebrates are especially vulnerable because environmental changes can disrupt their sexual development and cause sex reversal, a mismatch between genetic and phenotypic sex. This can potentially lead to sex-ratio distortion and population decline. Despite these implications, there is scarce empirical knowledge on the incidence of sex reversal in nature. Populations in anthropogenic environments may be exposed to sex-reversing stimuli more frequently, which may lead to higher sex-reversal rate or, alternatively, these populations may adapt to resist sex reversal. We developed PCR-based genetic sex markers for the common toad (Bufo bufo) to assess the prevalence of sex reversal in wild populations living in natural, agricultural and urban habitats, and the susceptibility of the same populations to two ubiquitous oestrogenic pollutants in a common garden experiment. We found negligible sex-reversal frequency in free-living adults despite the presence of various endocrine-disrupting pollutants in their breeding ponds. Individuals from different habitat types showed similar susceptibility to sex reversal in the laboratory: all genetic males developed female phenotype when exposed to 1 µg L
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