ArticleImmunology2022
The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of T cell exhaustion mechanisms in cervical cancer pathogenesis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Discriminating Disease Flare From Infection in Febrile Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Safety-Net Hospital System: A Multicenter Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Sequence Matters: Primary COVID-19 Vaccination after Infection Elicits Similar Anti-spike Antibody Levels, but Stronger Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity than Breakthrough Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Long-term changes in the phenotype and cytokine production of monocytes in COVID-19 recovered and vaccinated individuals.Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Cytokine, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody, and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Conventional Blood Donors Who Have Recovered from COVID-19.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2024Article
- Association of Monocyte Count With Lung Function and Exercise Capacity Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A 2-Year Cohort Study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Antibody response and soluble mediator profile in the first six months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Monocytic HLA-DR Expression in Immune Responses of Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immune profiles to distinguish hospitalized versus ambulatory COVID-19 cases in older patients.iScience · 2022Article
- Moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection primes vaccine-induced immunity more effectively than asymptomatic or mild infection.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Induced Pathology-Relevance to COVID-19 Pathophysiology.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Article
- Functional reprogramming of monocytes in patients with acute and convalescent severe COVID-19.JCI insight · 2022Article
- The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects: A cross-sectional study.Immunology · 2022Article
- Severe COVID-19 is characterised by inflammation and immature myeloid cells early in disease progression.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty-seven COVID-19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID-19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA-DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID-19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8, accompanied by a reduction in IL-17A and NOx. IL-10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID-19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL-10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID-19.
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