ArticleSkeletal radiology2022
Calcaneal offset index to measure hindfoot alignment in pes planus.
Article in Skeletal radiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Smartphone Photogrammetry as a Tool for Pes Planus Assessment: Reliability and Agreement with Radiographic Measurements.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionPes planus is a common three-dimensional (3D) deformity characterised by forefoot abduction, the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, and hindfoot valgus. Several radiological measurements such as anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle (Kite's) and 'Calcaneal pitch angle' (CPA) exist to calculate the degree of hindfoot alignment in these patients with variable intra- and interobserver reliability.
objectiveTo describe a new radiological ancillary method of measuring hindfoot alignment, the calcaneal offset index (COI). MATERIAL AND
methodsAnteroposterior (mortise) and lateral view weight-bearing (WB) ankle radiographs of 200 consecutive patients referred for foot and ankle pain were reviewed. Demographic details, clinical indication, and COI calculation were undertaken on the mortise view along with the measurement of CPA for each patient. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was evaluated to assess the intraclass reliability between observers.
resultsThere was a female preponderance of 2:1 in the study population with a mean age of 51.21 years (13-86 years). The calcaneal offset was increased in pes planus (hindfoot valgus). The p-value was 0.00023 on ANOVA. The COI gave an excellent interobserver correlation with ICC of 0.9 and moderate intraobserver reliability on the ICC analysis of 0.55.
conclusionThe COI can be an additional index of measuring hindfoot alignment in patients with pes planus. Contrary to the traditional angular measurements, this linear transverse plane measure is easier to calculate and reproducible. COI measurement has shown moderate intraobserver reliability but excellent interobserver reliability.
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