ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2022
Current Guidelines for Classifying and Diagnosing Cervical Dystonia: Empirical Evidence and Recommendations.
Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Guideline
- Distinct thalamic volumetric profiles in cervical and upper limb dystonia.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Segmental and Multifocal Isolated Dystonias: Similarities and Differences.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Risk of Cervical Spine Complications in Individuals with Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Definition and Classification of Dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- Dystonia: pathophysiology and the role of acupuncture in treatment.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Review
- Article
- Can symptoms or signs of cervical dystonia occur without abnormal movements of the head or neck?Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
- Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Clinical and physiological characteristics of tremor in a large cohort of focal and segmental dystonia.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Empirical Comparison of Commonly Used Universal Rating Scales for Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Isolated Cervical Dystonia: Diagnosis and Classification.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Review
- Genetic Screening of a Hungarian Cohort with Focal Dystonia Identified Several Novel Putative Pathogenic Gene Variants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Validation of a guideline to reduce variability in diagnosing cervical dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- What Is Hemidystonia?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Anatomical categorization of isolated non-focal dystonia: novel and existing patterns using a data-driven approach.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and classification of blepharospasm: Recommendations based on empirical evidence.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2022Article
- Cervical Dystonia with Tremor: One Movement Disorder or Two?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2022Article
- Classification and Diagnosis of Cervical Dystonia: Revived Call for Consensus.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 20 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe dystonias are phenotypically and etiologically heterogenous disorders. Many proposals and a consensus recommendation have been provided for the diagnosis and classification of the dystonias, but these recommendations serve only as general guidelines. Current diagnosis and classification may still depend on clinical judgment causing different opinions.
objectiveTo delineate clinical features used by movement disorder specialists in the diagnosis and classification of isolated focal cervical dystonia, and to develop recommendations for a more consistent approach to classification according to anatomical regions involved.
methodsCross-sectional data for subjects diagnosed with isolated dystonia were acquired from the Dystonia Coalition, an international, multicenter collaborative research network. Data from many movement disorder specialists were evaluated to determine how diagnoses of cervical dystonia related to their recorded examinations. Cases were included if they were given a diagnosis of focal cervical dystonia. Cases were also included if they had dystonia of the neck on exam, but were given an alternative diagnosis such as segmental dystonia.
resultsAmong 2916 subjects with isolated dystonia, 1258 were diagnosed with focal cervical dystonia. Among these 1258 cases, 28.3% had dystonia outside of the neck region. Regions involved outside of the neck included the shoulder, larynx, and sometimes other regions. Analysis of the results pointed to several factors that may influence specialists' use of current diagnostic guidelines for making a diagnosis of isolated focal cervical dystonia including varied interpretations of involvement of nearby regions (shoulder, larynx, platysma), severity of dystonia across different regions, and occurrence of tremor in different regions.
conclusionsAlthough focal cervical dystonia is the most common type of dystonia, a high percentage of subjects given this diagnosis had dystonia outside of the neck region. This observation points to the need for more specific guidelines for defining this common disorder. Such guidelines are proposed here.
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