ArticleBioscience2022
An Outcome-Oriented, Social-Ecological Framework for Assessing Protected Area Effectiveness.
Article in Bioscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reviewing the science on 50 years of conservation: Knowledge production biases and lessons for practice.Ambio · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Bridging the Gap Between Legal Designation and Management Outcomes: Evidence from a Newly Established Marine Protected Area in Thailand.Environmental management · 2026Article
- Trade-offs between nature and people in Ethiopia's protected areas demonstrate challenges in translating global conservation targets into national realities.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Streamlining counterfactual ecosystem restoration and conservation impact evaluation in R with the spatialBACI package.Biodiversity data journal · 2026Article
- Evaluating protected areas' coverage of threats to terrestrial biodiversity.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of protected areas in the Caucasus Mountains in preventing rangeland degradation.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Cryptic species conservation: a review.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Assessing the influence of landscape conservation and protected areas on social wellbeing using random forest machine learning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- How effective are protected areas for reducing threats to biodiversity? A systematic review protocol.Environmental evidence · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both the number and the extent of protected areas have grown considerably in recent years, but evaluations of their effectiveness remain partial and are hard to compare across cases. To overcome this situation, first, we suggest reserving the term effectiveness solely for assessing protected area outcomes, to clearly distinguish this from management assessments (e.g., sound planning). Second, we propose a multidimensional conceptual framework, rooted in social-ecological theory, to assess effectiveness along three complementary dimensions: ecological outcomes (e.g., biodiversity), social outcomes (e.g., well-being), and social-ecological interactions (e.g., reduced human pressures). Effectiveness indicators can subsequently be evaluated against contextual and management elements (e.g., design and planning) to shed light on management performance (e.g., cost-effectiveness). We summarize steps to operationalize our framework to foster more holistic effectiveness assessments while improving comparability across protected areas. All of this can ensure that protected areas make real contributions toward conservation and sustainability goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.