ArticleThe European respiratory journal2022
The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children in 25 countries: GAN Phase I study.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05941416 (Evaluation Of Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders Among A Group Of Children With Bronchial Asthma), which is not on this map. Cited by 122 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation Of Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders Among A Group Of Children With Bronchial Asthma: A Cross-Sectional (Observational) Study
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative response to pharmacological management of asthma in overweight/obese childrenEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Fructose-Containing Dietary Exposures and Pediatric Atopic Disease: A Review of Epidemiologic Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological impact and quality of life in pediatric patients with chronic skin disorders: a systematic review (2010-2025).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic and environmental risk factors of asthma: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal Phthalate Exposure and Allergic Diseases in Children: A Meta-Analysis and Network Toxicology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Machine learning-derived asthma and allergy trajectories in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Association of cesarean section with asthma in children/adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on cohort studies.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy and child asthma: follow-up of the ROLO trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Daily egg intake may reduce sensitisation to common allergenic foods among six- to nine-month-old south African infants: A randomized controlled trial.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Trial
- In Vitro Performance of Valved Holding Chambers in Paediatric Asthma Controller Therapy.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Worldwide Impact of Human Development and Inequality on the Prevalence of Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis and Eczema. Global Asthma Network's Ecological Study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Sun Exposure and Asthma Prevalence in Spanish Schoolchildren and Adolescents in the Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I Study: A Semi-Individual Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Allergy in Latin America: Great Need, Even Greater Opportunity.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Untargeted metabolomic profiling of childhood asthma: An exploratory analysis of anthropogenic chemicals and the serum metabolome.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Perinatal Risk Factors, Allergic Conditions and Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the very extreme environment of Naryn, Kyrgyzstan.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Evidence-based clinical recommendations on the use of telemedicine for the management of children, adolescents and young adults with moderate-severe asthma.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of outdoor field-based teaching in training allergy specialists to identify allergenic plants.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Expanding role of cell-free DNA for the early diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of allergic disease among pediatric patients of urban, rural, and remote primary care clinics: A multisite study in the Philippines.Asia Pacific allergy · 2026Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThere have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present study aims to provide this information.
methodsFollowing the exact International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology (cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey), Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in many centres worldwide.
resultsThe study included 157 784 adolescents (13-14 years of age) in 63 centres in 25 countries and 101 777 children (6-7 years of age) in 44 centres in 16 countries. The current prevalence of symptoms, respectively, was 11.0% and 9.1% for asthma, 13.3% and 7.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis and 6.4% and 5.9% for eczema. The prevalence of asthma ever was 10.5% and 7.6%, hay fever ever was 15.2% and 11.1% and eczema ever was 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Centres in low or lower middle gross national income countries (LICs or LMICs) had significantly lower prevalence of the three disease symptoms and diagnoses (except for hay fever). In children, the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys, while the reverse occurred among adolescents. For eczema, while the prevalence among female adolescents was double that of males, there was no sex difference among children. Centre accounted for non-negligible variability in all disease symptoms (10-20%).
conclusionThe burdens of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema vary widely among the limited number of countries studied. Although symptom prevalence is lower in LICs and LMICs, it represents a considerable burden everywhere studied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.