Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35144567›Full record

Observational studyBMC public health2022

Foods and beverages provided in out of school hours care services: an observational study.

Ruth K Crowe, Yasmine C Probst, Jennifer A Norman, Susan E Furber, Rebecca M Stanley, Sarah T Ryan, Cecilia Vuong, Megan L Hammersley, Karen Wardle, Lisa Franco and 5 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Development and Testing of an Out-of-School Hours Care Professional Development Program: A Pilot Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Trial
  2. A Cross-Organisational Collaboration to Promote Healthy Eating and Active Living in Children: A Critical Reflection.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  3. Awareness and use of the Eat Smart Play Smart resources in Out of School Hours Care services: A staff survey in New South Wales, Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ruth K CroweSchool of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. rc101@uowmail.edu.au.
Yasmine C ProbstSchool of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Jennifer A NormanIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Susan E FurberIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Rebecca M StanleyIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Sarah T RyanEarly Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Cecilia VuongHealth Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
Megan L HammersleyIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Karen WardleHealth Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
Lisa FrancoIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Michael W BeetsExercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
R Glenn WeaverExercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Marc DavisCentre for Population Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
Christine Innes-HughesCentre for Population Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
Anthony D OkelyIllawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOut of school hours care (OSHC) is a fast-growing childcare setting in Australia, however the types of foods and beverages offered are relatively unknown. This study describes the food and beverages offered and investigates sector-level and setting-level factors which may impact OSHC in meeting the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG).

methodsThis cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 89 OSHC services (between 2018 and 2019). Food and beverages offered, kitchen facilities and menus were captured via direct observation. Foods were categorised into five food groups or discretionary foods, based on the ADG, and frequencies determined. Short interviews with OSHC directors ascertained healthy eating policies, staff training, food quality assessment methods and food budgets. Fisher's exact test explored the influence of sector-level and setting-level factors on food provision behaviours.

resultsDiscretionary foods (1.5 ± 0.68) were offered more frequently than vegetables (0.82 ± 0.80) (p < .001), dairy (0.97 ± 0.81) (p = .013) and lean meats (0.22 ± 0.54) (p < .001). OSHC associated with long day care and reported using valid food quality assessment methods offered more lean meats (p= .002, and p= .004). Larger organisations offered more vegetables (p = .015) and discretionary foods (p= .007). Menus with clearly worded instructions to provide fruits and vegetables daily offered more fruit (p= .009), vegetables (p < .001) and whole grains (p= .003). No other sector or setting-level factors were associated with services aligning with the ADG.

conclusionFuture interventions could benefit from trialling menu planning training and tools to assist OSHC services in NSW meet the ADG requirements.

Indexed as

Food ServicesSchoolsAustraliaBeveragesChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansNutrition PolicyVegetablesAfterschool careChild careDietary guidelineFood environmentHealthy eatingNutritionOut of school hours carePrimary-school children

Identifiers

PMID35144567
PMCPMC8832650

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.