ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2022
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 177 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Open-label Study Evaluating the Effects of Probucol Combined with Statins on Atherosclerotic Characteristics and Prognosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Stent-Assisted Coiling Followed by Ticagrelor Monotherapy Instead of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Endovascular Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (SAC-TIDE) ---a Pilot Study
Efficacy and Safety of Early Combined Therapy With PCSK9 Inhibitors and Statins in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CAPTAIN)--A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Trial
PCSK9 Inhibitor for Intracranial Atherosclerosis Related Acute Ischemic Stroke (PISTIAS-3): a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 272 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implications of Cranial Arterial Stenosis and Dolichoectasia for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Etiopathogenesis: Findings From a Prospective Mild Stroke Cohort.Circulation · 2026Pooled it
- Angioplasty and/or stenting after thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion associated with underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of application of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography in cerebral large artery atherosclerosis.Neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- High-risk plaque characteristics associated with recurrent stroke in patients with intracranial stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Dual antiplatelet therapy for ischemic stroke with intracranial arterial stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning on cerebral blood flow regulation in patients with endovascular stenting: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Atorvastatin Combined With Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion on PON-1 in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Home-Based RESIST: Rationale and Design of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Lipoprotein(a), remote ischemic conditioning, and stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Mild to Moderate Stroke With Versus Without Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Post Hoc Analysis of ATAMIS.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Qualifying Event and Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke in Symptomatic Artery Occlusion: A Post Hoc Analysis of CMOSS.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Tmax Mismatch Ratio to Identify Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Large-Vessel Occlusion Before Endovascular Therapy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- Identifying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease in Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion.Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Review
- Predictive Value of Baseline High-Resolution MRI Features for In-Stent Restenosis in Symptomatic Nonacute Intracranial Atherosclerotic Occlusion.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Association Between Preoperative Cerebrovascular High-Risk Status and Long-Term Ischemic Stroke After EVAR.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Balloon Passage via Microwire Navigation Technology for Severe Stenosis of Middle Cerebral Artery: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Association Between PMEuropean journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Intracranial Plaque Characteristics and Extracranial Carotid Plaque-RADS Associated With Stroke Recurrence: A High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Study.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most frequent causes of stroke worldwide and confers one of the greatest risks of recurrent stroke compared with other causes of stroke. Asymptomatic ICAS is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for silent brain infarctions and dementia, magnifying the global burden of ICAS. Although ICAS is a lumen-based diagnosis, newer diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high-resolution MRI, might help to identify high-risk population subgroups to test interventions that might reduce the risk of stroke recurrence. Secondary stroke prevention in patients with ICAS currently consists of intensive management of modifiable risk factors and dual antiplatelet therapy, which is subsequently reduced to aspirin alone. Despite these therapies, the risk of recurrent stroke in patients presenting with stroke related to 70-99% ICAS exceeds 20% at 1 year; as such, better therapies are urgently needed. The optimal duration and combination of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ICAS is uncertain and is being investigated in addition to low-dose anticoagulation and aspirin. Other ongoing or planned studies will provide high-quality observational data on the role of transluminal angioplasty and stenting, submaximal balloon angioplasty alone, direct or indirect arterial bypass, and ischaemic conditioning for prevention of stroke in patients with ICAS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.