ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2022
An autonomously swimming biohybrid fish designed with human cardiac biophysics.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Minimal-actuation feather star-inspired soft swimmers for multimodal 3D maneuverability.Science advances · 2026Article
- Biointegrative Design (BinD): An Interdisciplinary Paradigm for Sustainable Biohybrid Systems.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2026Article
- Soft Skins With Reversible Thickness Morphing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Optoelectronic Biohybrid Platform Enables Light-Controlled Cardiac Structural and Functional Feedback.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Structural and functional benchmarking of monolayer- and bioreactor-generated hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- 2D Skeletal Muscle Thin Film Actuators Enhance Efficiency of Biohybrid Robots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Universality in peristaltic locomotion: Linking biology, theory, and simulation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advanced in vitro cardiac models for drug evaluation: integration of organoids, engineered tissues, and microphysiological systems.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fast-swimming biohybrid OstraBot with self-trained high-strength muscles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biohybrid Tendons Enhance the Power-to-Weight Ratio and Modularity of Muscle-Powered Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Parabiosis, Assembloids, Organoids (PAO).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Adaptive multimodal swimming gaits in a reconfigurable modular soft robotic fish.Science advances · 2026Article
- New frontiers in porcine atrioventricular node decellularization: preserving extracellular matrix architecture for biological scaffolds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Miniaturization of Ocean Sensors Based on Optofluidic Technology: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Optogenetic neuromuscular actuation of a miniature electronic biohybrid robot.Science robotics · 2025Article
- Fabrication of Site-Specific 3D Structures via Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly for Spatially Controlled Alignment of Multiple Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Air plastron-enabled heat management for enhanced photothermal actuation in underwater soft robots.Science advances · 2025Article
- From fish to fiber: 3D-nanoprinted optical neuromast for multi-integrated underwater detection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tetanus-driven biohybrid multijoint robots powered by muscle rings with enhanced contractile force.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biohybrid systems have been developed to better understand the design principles and coordination mechanisms of biological systems. We consider whether two functional regulatory features of the heart-mechanoelectrical signaling and automaticity-could be transferred to a synthetic analog of another fluid transport system: a swimming fish. By leveraging cardiac mechanoelectrical signaling, we recreated reciprocal contraction and relaxation in a muscular bilayer construct where each contraction occurs automatically as a response to the stretching of an antagonistic muscle pair. Further, to entrain this closed-loop actuation cycle, we engineered an electrically autonomous pacing node, which enhanced spontaneous contraction. The biohybrid fish equipped with intrinsic control strategies demonstrated self-sustained body-caudal fin swimming, highlighting the role of feedback mechanisms in muscular pumps such as the heart and muscles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.