Antibiofilm Activity of Allicin and Quercetin in Treating Biofilm-Associated Orthopaedics Infection.

Biofilms formed by bacteria are the group of sessile microbial cells that remain encompassed by self-secreted polymeric substances and have resulted in great health-care concern. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) prevent the penetration of antibiotics and other drugs, thereby resulting in the development of multi-drug resistance or antibiotic resistance. The biofilm-associated prosthetics being places at the joins of bone injury are the common sites for the development of biofilm-associated infection. This often spreads and results in the development of orthopaedic infections. Most of the infections are associated with musculoskeletal system and originate from non-living surfaces. The biofilm prevents the penetration of drugs, thereby resulting in the development of antibiotic resistance or multi-drug resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for allicin and quercetin was found to be 80 µg/mL for quercetin and 100 µg/mL for amoxicillin against the sessile communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with the orthopaedic infection. The role of quercetin and allicin in reduction of protein, carbohydrate and eDNA content of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) was tested. The anti-quorum sensing activity of quercetin and allicin was confirmed both by biochemical and by photomicrographic studies. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of quercetin and allicin were determined both by in vitro and in silico studies on P. aeruginosa bacterial strain from biofilm-associated orthopaedic infection.