ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2022
Saliva-based detection of COVID-19 infection in a real-world setting using reagent-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.
Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shining a light on brain tumors: a review of Raman spectroscopy in the operating room.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Review
- Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy with machine learning to monitor COVID-19 disease from acute infection to recovery.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- DREAMER-S: Deep leaRning-Enabled Attention-based Multiple-instance approaches with Explainable Representations for Spatial biology.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to identify early biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Raman Spectral Classification with Machine Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emerging frontiers in SERS-integrated optical waveguides: advancing portable and ultra-sensitive detection for trace liquid analysis.Light, science & applications · 2025Review
- Development of a Raman-Based Method for the Diagnosis of People with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: The Role of Lactic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intraoperative use of high-speed Raman spectroscopy during soft tissue sarcoma resection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In situ brain tumor detection using a Raman spectroscopy system-results of a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diagnosing COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal secretion through Raman spectroscopy: a feasibility study.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Optical Biosensors for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Other Viruses-A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Rapid Identification of Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections by Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Tweezers.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- SERS Signature of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swabs: Towards Perspective COVID-19 Point-of-Care Diagnostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Asymmetric parameter enhancement in the split-ring cavity array for virus-like particle sensing.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Open-sourced Raman spectroscopy data processing package implementing a baseline removal algorithm validated from multiple datasets acquired in human tissue and biofluids.Journal of biomedical optics · 2023Article
- Raman and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques for detection of coronavirus (COVID-19): a mini review.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Review
- Spectroscopic methods for COVID-19 detection and early diagnosis.Virology journal · 2022Review
- Novel aspects of Raman spectroscopy in skin research.Experimental dermatology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
significanceThe primary method of COVID-19 detection is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. PCR test sensitivity may decrease as more variants of concern arise and reagents may become less specific to the virus.
aimWe aimed to develop a reagent-free way to detect COVID-19 in a real-world setting with minimal constraints on sample acquisition. The machine learning (ML) models involved could be frequently updated to include spectral information about variants without needing to develop new reagents. APPROACH: We present a workflow for collecting, preparing, and imaging dried saliva supernatant droplets using a non-invasive, label-free technique-Raman spectroscopy-to detect changes in the molecular profile of saliva associated with COVID-19 infection.
resultsWe used an innovative multiple instance learning-based ML approach and droplet segmentation to analyze droplets. Amongst all confounding factors, we discriminated between COVID-positive and COVID-negative individuals yielding receiver operating coefficient curves with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.8 in both males (79% sensitivity and 75% specificity) and females (84% sensitivity and 64% specificity). Taking the sex of the saliva donor into account increased the AUC by 5%.
conclusionThese findings may pave the way for new rapid Raman spectroscopic screening tools for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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