ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2022
Nitrate in drinking water and risk of birth defects: Findings from a cohort study of over one million births in Denmark.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to drinking water pollutants and non-syndromic birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Nitrate contamination in drinking water and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Water quality and residents' health: a survey by the self-assessed health method.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Perspectives on environment and health research in Denmark.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Direct potable reuse and birth defects prevalence in Texas: An augmented synthetic control method analysis of data from a population-based birth defects registry.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of birth defects in central China livebirths, 2015-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- US drinking water quality: exposure risk profiles for seven legacy and emerging contaminants.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Review
- Prenatal exposure to tap water containing nitrate and the risk of small-for-gestational-age: A nationwide register-based study of Danish births, 1991-2015.Environment international · 2023Article
- The potential human health hazard of nitrates in drinking water: a media discourse analysis in a high-income country.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Nitrate in Maternal Drinking Water during Pregnancy and Measures of Male Fecundity in Adult Sons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and the risk of preterm birth: A Danish nationwide cohort study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA few studies have reported an increased risk of birth defects (BD) with maternal exposure to nitrate in drinking water. We examined this association in a large cohort study with well-characterized exposure.
methodsDanish singletons liveborn to Danish-born parents from 1991-2013 were identified using civil and patient registries (n=1,018,914). Exposure to nitrate was estimated using a spatial model based on national data linked with individual addresses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression.
findingsIn total, 33,182 cases of BD were identified. Nitrate concentrations were generally well below US and EU standards. We observed an exposure-response relationship (
interpretationOur study is the first to report an association between nitrate and eye BD and BD of the ear, face, and neck. It also provides support to prior reports of increased risk of nervous system BD.
fundingThis study was supported by a grant from the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES027823-01A1).
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