Outcomes of Single-Stage Versus Staged Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions in Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Prospective Randomized Study.

backgroundThere is controversy about whether treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) can be performed concurrently. PURPOSE: To investigate the midterm results of arthroscopic treatment of CLAI combined with OLT in different surgical settings. It was hypothesized that the outcomes of treating both injuries at the same time would not be inferior to those of staged surgery. STUDY

designRandomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

methodsIncluded were 103 patients with both CLAI and OLT who underwent arthroscopic microfracture surgery and an open, modified Broström-Gould procedure for ligament repair from January 2015 to December 2016. The patients were assigned randomly to a staged group (51 patients) and a single-stage group (52 patients). The staged group underwent arthroscopic debridement of the OLT and microfracture, then rehabilitation for 4 to 6 months before undergoing modified Broström-Gould ligament repair. The single-stage group underwent both procedures simultaneously. Clinical evaluations were performed on the day before surgery and at 12-month, 24-month, and final follow-up periods using the Karlsson-Peterson score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and pain visual analog scale. The Karlsson-Peterson score at 24 months postoperatively was considered the primary outcome. The predefined noninferiority margin for the primary outcome was -5 points.

resultsAt the final follow-up, 50 patients in the single-stage group and 48 patients in the staged group completed the study. The median lesion size was 0.72 cm

conclusionAt midterm follow-up, there was no clinical difference between single-stage versus staged surgery to treat CLAI with OLT. Single-stage surgery achieved better clinical outcomes than staged surgery at short-term follow-up.