ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2021
Components of the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of COVID-19.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relevance of Mediterranean diet as a nutritional strategy in diminishing COVID-19 risk: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention Using Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of PREDIMED-Plus Trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Trial
- Cohort Profile Update: The 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) study after 24 years of follow-up.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Diet Quality on COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes-A Scoping Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Article
- Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults' Population Aged over 65 Years Old.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Intersection Between COVID-19, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diet: a Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Supplementation use and diet changes during COVID-19 pandemic according to anxiety level and Mediterranean diet adherence.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2023Article
- Importance of Intermittent Fasting Regimens and Selection of Adequate Therapy on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Recognizing risk factors associated with poor outcomes among patients with COVID-19.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet has been customarily assessed with the Mediterranean diet score (MDS or Trichopolou Index), with values of 0 or 1 assigned to each of the nine elements, and with the use of the sex-specific median as the cutoff. The value of persons whose consumption of the six beneficial items (ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids, vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereal, and fish) is at or above the median and is assigned a value of 1. Otherwise they receive 0 points. For detrimental elements (meats and dairy products) persons whose consumption is below the median are assigned a value of 1. An additional ninth point is assigned to moderate ethanol intake. We assessed the effect of each of the nine components of the MDS (replacing the fats ratio with olive oil, the main source of monounsaturated fats in the Mediterranean diet) on the risk of COVID-19 infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19. From March to December 2020, 9,699 participants of the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort answered a COVID-19 questionnaire. After excluding doctors and nurses, 5,194 participants were included in the main statistical analyses. Among them, we observed 382 cases of COVID-19 based on symptoms and clinical diagnosis; 167 of them with test confirmation. For the two COVID-19 definitions used, we found a significant decrease in risk for a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98,
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