ArticleAmerican journal of cancer research2022
Enhanced proton treatment with a LDLR-ligand peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles targeting the tumor microenvironment in an infiltrative brain tumor model.
Article in American journal of cancer research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- BBB-aware stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nanomedicines for glioblastoma.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2026Review
- Gold Nanoparticle-Based Precision Medicine Strategies for Glioblastoma: Current Biomedical Applications and Future Outlook.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological and Etiological Corroborations for the Mechanistic Design of Intranasal Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Multifunctional gold nanoparticles: bridging detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Beyond the Walls of Troy: A Scoping Review on Pharmacological Strategies to Enhance Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Tumor Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Recent advances in nanomaterial-based brain-targeted delivery systems for glioblastoma therapy.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Innovations in Receptor- and Transporter-Mediated Transcytosis Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- New Trends in Brain Shuttle Peptides.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology Driven Lipid and Metalloid Based Formulations Targeting Blood-Brain Barrier (3B) for Brain Tumor.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy: Mechanisms, Advances, and Clinical Horizons.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Pericytes in Glioblastoma: Hidden Regulators of Tumor Vasculature and Therapy Resistance.Cancers · 2024Review
- The multifaceted therapeutical role of low-density lipoprotein receptor family in high-grade glioma.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Synthesis of Gd-DTPA Carborane-Containing Compound and Its Immobilization on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Neutron Capture Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers: bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier.Oncology research · 2024Review
- The Role of Biological Rhythms in New Drug Formulations to Cross the Brain Barriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Biomimetic nanotherapeutics for targeted drug delivery to glioblastoma multiforme.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Low-Density Lipoprotein Pathway Is a Ubiquitous Metabolic Vulnerability in High Grade Glioma Amenable for Nanotherapeutic Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Pramipexole Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Dysfunction.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma malforms (GBMs) contains tumor invasiveness factors, microvascular proliferation, migratory cancer stem cells and infiltrative tumor cells, which leads to tumor recurrence in the absence of effective drug delivery in a Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)-intact TME and radiological invisibility. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is abundant in the blood brain barrier and overexpressed in malignant glioma cells. This study aimed to treat the TME with transmitted proton sensitization of LDLR ligand-functionalized gold nanoparticles (ApoB@AuNPs) in an infiltrative F98 glioma rat model. BBB-crossing ApoB@AuNPs were selectively taken up in microvascular endothelial cells proliferation and pericyte invasion, which are therapeutic targets in the glioma TME. Proton sensitization treated the TME and bulk tumor volume with enhanced therapeutic efficacy by 67-75% compared to that with protons alone. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated efficient treatment of endothelial cell proliferation and migratory tumor cells of invasive microvessels in the TME with saving normal tissues. Taken together, these data indicate that the use of LDLR ligand-functionalized gold nanoparticles is a promising strategy to treat infiltrative malignant glioma while overcoming BBB crossing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35141013PMC8822294W4211266957What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.