ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2021
Effects of Gaze Fixation on the Performance of a Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging cognition and control through passive eye movement integration in motor imagery brain-computer interfaces.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Is it an Effective Treatment for Cancer Pain?Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: State of the Art and Trends.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Multi T1-weighted contrast imaging and T1 mapping with compressed sensing FLAWS at 3 T.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Closed-loop motor imagery EEG simulation for brain-computer interfaces.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Exploring the effects of head movements and accompanying gaze fixation switch on steady-state visual evoked potential.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been studied without controlling subjects' gaze fixation position previously. The effect of gaze fixation and covert attention on the behavioral performance of BCI is still unknown. This study designed a gaze fixation controlled experiment. Subjects were required to conduct a secondary task of gaze fixation when performing the primary task of motor imagination. Subjects' performance was analyzed according to the relationship between motor imagery target and the gaze fixation position, resulting in three BCI control conditions, i.e., congruent, incongruent, and center cross trials. A group of fourteen subjects was recruited. The average group performances of three different conditions did not show statistically significant differences in terms of BCI control accuracy, feedback duration, and trajectory length. Further analysis of gaze shift response time revealed a significantly shorter response time for congruent trials compared to incongruent trials. Meanwhile, the parietal occipital cortex also showed active neural activities for congruent and incongruent trials, and this was revealed by a contrast analysis of R-square values and lateralization index. However, the lateralization index computed from the parietal and occipital areas was not correlated with the BCI behavioral performance. Subjects' BCI behavioral performance was not affected by the position of gaze fixation and covert attention. This indicated that motor imagery-based BCI could be used freely in robotic arm control without sacrificing performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.