Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35139415›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2022

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression in primary care: A retrospective cohort study.

Ellen Stephenson, Braden O'Neill, Sumeet Kalia, Catherine Ji, Noah Crampton, Debra A Butt, Karen Tu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Psycho-Cardiological Disease in COVID-19 Era.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023
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  20. Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ellen StephensonDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Electronic address: ellen.stephenson@utoronto.ca.
Braden O'NeillDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sumeet KaliaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
Catherine JiDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Noah CramptonDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Debra A ButtDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Karen TuDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPopulation-based surveys indicate that many people experienced increased psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine if there was a corresponding increase in patients receiving services for anxiety and depression from their family physicians.

methodsElectronic medical records from the University of Toronto Practice Based-Research Network (UTOPIAN; N = 322,920 patients) were used to calculate incidence rates for anxiety/depression related visits and antidepressant prescriptions before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March-December 2020). Data from the pre-pandemic period were used to predict expected rates during the pandemic period which was compared to the observed rate.

resultsThe number of patients presenting with anxiety/depression symptoms in primary care varied across age groups, sex, and time since pandemic onset. Among the youngest patients (ages 10-18 years), there were fewer patients than pre-pandemic visiting for new episodes of anxiety/depression and being prescribed antidepressants in April 2020, but by the end of 2020 this trend had reversed such that incidence rates for anxiety/depression related visits were higher than pre-pandemic levels. Among older adults, incidence rates of anxiety/depression related visits increased in April 2020 with the onset of the pandemic, and remained higher than expected throughout 2020. LIMITATIONS: A convenience sample of 362 family physicians in Ontario was used.

conclusionDemand for mental health services from family physicians varied by patient age and sex and changed with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end of 2020, more patients were seeking treatment for anxiety/depression related concerns.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAdolescentAgedAnxietyChildDepressionHumansPrimary Health CareRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionElectronic medical recordsFamily medicinePrimary care

Identifiers

PMID35139415
PMCPMC8818125

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.