Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35139181›Full record

ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2022

A recurrent machine learning model predicts intracranial hypertension in neurointensive care patients.

Nils Schweingruber, Marius Marc Daniel Mader, Anton Wiehe, Frank Röder, Jennifer Göttsche, Stefan Kluge, Manfred Westphal, Patrick Czorlich, Christian Gerloff

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Updates on Pathophysiology and Diagnosis.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Observational
  14. Machine Learning Approaches to Prognostication in Traumatic Brain Injury.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025
    Review
  15. AI and Neurology.Neurological research and practice · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Evolving concepts in intracranial pressure monitoring - from traditional monitoring to precision medicine.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nils SchweingruberDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4340-6070
Marius Marc Daniel MaderDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7467-9672
Anton WieheDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
Frank RöderDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
Jennifer GöttscheDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
Stefan KlugeDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8391-3988
Manfred WestphalDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
Patrick CzorlichDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0865-241X
Christian GerloffDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6484-8882

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The evolution of intracranial pressure (ICP) of critically ill patients admitted to a neurointensive care unit (ICU) is difficult to predict. Besides the underlying disease and compromised intracranial space, ICP is affected by a multitude of factors, many of which are monitored on the ICU, but the complexity of the resulting patterns limits their clinical use. This paves the way for new machine learning techniques to assist clinical management of patients undergoing invasive ICP monitoring independent of the underlying disease. An institutional cohort (ICP-ICU) of patients with invasive ICP monitoring (n = 1346) was used to train recurrent machine learning models to predict the occurrence of ICP increases of ≥22 mmHg over a long (>2 h) time period in the upcoming hours. External validation was performed on patients undergoing invasive ICP measurement in two publicly available datasets [Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC, n = 998) and eICU Collaborative Research Database (n = 1634)]. Different distances (1-24 h) between prediction time point and upcoming critical phase were evaluated, demonstrating a decrease in performance but still robust AUC-ROC with larger distances (24 h AUC-ROC: ICP-ICU 0.826 ± 0.0071, MIMIC 0.836 ± 0.0063, eICU 0.779 ± 0.0046, 1 h AUC-ROC: ICP-ICU 0.982 ± 0.0008, MIMIC 0.965 ± 0.0010, eICU 0.941 ± 0.0025). The model operates on sparse hourly data and is stable in handling variable input lengths and missingness through its nature of recurrence and internal memory. Calculation of gradient-based feature importance revealed individual underlying decisions for our long short time memory-based model and thereby provided improved clinical interpretability. Recurrent machine learning models have the potential to be an effective tool for the prediction of ICP increases with high translational potential.

Indexed as

Intracranial HypertensionDatabases, FactualHumansIntracranial PressureMachine LearningMonitoring, Physiologicdeep learningintensive care unitintracranial pressuremachine learningtraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID35139181
PMCPMC9486888

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.