ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization associates with impaired adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03502291 (The Effect of Live Attenuated Inactivated Influenza Vaccine on Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Live Attenuated Inactivated Influenza Vaccine on Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage Study
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Viral Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Literature Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Therapeutic effect of ginseng: a non-antibiotic approach to preventing pathogenic bacterial infections and restoring gut microbiota composition.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Streptococcus pneumoniae epidemiology, pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology, changing resistance trends and serotypes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Observational
- The influence of pneumococcal positivity on clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Older Adult Recipients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Role of IgA1 protease-producing bacteria in SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission: a hypothesis.mBio · 2024Article
- Upper respiratoryMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Serotype, antibiotic susceptibility and whole-genome characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Serotype Distribution and Disease Severity in Adults Hospitalized with Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection, Bristol and Bath, UK, 2006‒2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Two putative glutamate decarboxylases of Streptococcus pneumoniae as possible antigens for the production of anti-GAD65 antibodies leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2023Article
- Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on reducing the risk of respiratory disease associated with coronavirus infection.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Article
- Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Against Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Adults: A Case-Control Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Review
- Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens in outpatients from Ecuador.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Peptide linker increased the stability of pneumococcal fusion protein vaccine candidate.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough recent epidemiological data suggest that pneumococci may contribute to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 disease, cases of coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during hospitalization have been reported infrequently. This apparent contradiction may be explained by interactions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pneumococci in the upper airway, resulting in the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from protective host immune responses.MethodsHere, we investigated the relationship of these 2 respiratory pathogens in 2 distinct cohorts of health care workers with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection identified by systematic screening and patients with moderate to severe disease who presented to the hospital. We assessed the effect of coinfection on host antibody, cellular, and inflammatory responses to the virus.ResultsIn both cohorts, pneumococcal colonization was associated with diminished antiviral immune responses, which primarily affected mucosal IgA levels among individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection and cellular memory responses in infected patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that S. pneumoniae impair host immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and raise the question of whether pneumococcal carriage also enables immune escape of other respiratory viruses and facilitates reinfection.Trial registrationISRCTN89159899 (FASTER study) and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03502291 (LAIV study).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.