ArticleNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2023
Factors associated with sex differences in the risk of kidney stones.
Article in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the efficacy and safety of holmium laser with the Moses technology and regular mode for stone treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2023Pooled it
- Novel insights into the role of the renal interstitial microenvironment in Randall's plaque formation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-specific associations of traditional and novel anthropometric indices with incident kidney stone disease: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Admission Urine Culture Positivity, Pathogen Distribution, and Clinical Characteristics Among Patients with Calcium Oxalate Stones.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The efficacy and safety of adrenergic alpha-antagonists combined with PDE5 inhibitors in the medical expulsive therapy for unilateral distal ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Trends of surgical interventions for nephrolithiasis over the past decade: a population-based analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Drug-drug interaction signals between carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and vitamin D preparations in urinary tract stones: disproportionality analysis evaluation from Japanese spontaneous reports of adverse events.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- Identifying recurrent stone formers with machine learning: A single-centre observational study.BJUI compass · 2026Article
- Steroid hormones and nephrolithiasis: regulation of urine components metabolism and inflammation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Sex-specific signatures of gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in patients with urolithiasis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Association of Body Mass Index Trajectories with Kidney Stone Disease: An Analysis Based on the NHANES Database.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Article
- Determinants of pediatric urolithiasis hospitalizations in endemic and non-endemic regions of Mexico.Frontiers in urology · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Emergency Surgery Following a Return Visit to the Emergency Department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Higher Life's Essential 8 score is associated with lower risk of kidney stones in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and National lifetime risks of developing and dying from urolithiasis: a population-based systematic analysis from 1990 to 2021.Urolithiasis · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Metabolism and the Risk of Renal Stones: A Focus on PHPT.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Paradigm shift in kidney stone research: moving beyond metabolism toward the gut-immune-kidney axis.Urolithiasis · 2025Article
- Trends and sex disparities in the burden of urolithiasis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Investigating the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the weight and self-concept of obese boys.BMC psychology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMen are at higher risk of developing stones compared with women; however, recent data suggest a changing epidemiology, with women being relatively more affected than before.
methodsTo estimate the proportion of excess risk among men, we analysed data from large cohorts (Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses' Health Study I and II). Kidney stone incidence rates were computed and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated with age-adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Mediation analysis estimated the excess risk for men explained by risk factors, including waist circumference, high blood pressure, diabetes, use of thiazides and dietary intake. The 24-h urine composition was also examined.
resultsThe analysis included 268 553 participants, contributing 5 872 249 person-years of follow-up. A total of 10 302 incident stones were confirmed and the overall incidence rate was 271 and 159 per 100 000 person-years for men and women, respectively. The age-adjusted HR was 2.32 (95% CI 2.20, 2.45) and the risk of stones was consistently higher across categories of age (HRs ranging from 2.02 to 2.76) for men compared with women. The risk remained higher among men, but tended to decrease over time (48.1%), while it increased among women. Urine supersaturations for calcium oxalate and uric acid were higher among men, primarily because of higher oxalate (26.3%), uric acid (16.3%), phosphate (23.5%) and lower pH.
conclusionsThe risk of kidney stones is higher among men and this difference is only partly explained by lifestyle risk factors; differences in urine chemistries explain a substantial fraction of the excess risk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.