ArticleGlobal health action2022
Behavioural and emotional comorbidities in school-aged children with neurological conditions in Kilifi, Kenya, and their long-term consequences.
Article in Global health action, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital psychological interventions in youth with neurological disorders: a systematic review.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Socio-medical factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on the Kenyan coast.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeurological conditions and mental health problems are common in children in low- and middle-income countries, but the risk factors and downstream impact of these problems on children with neurological conditions are not reported.
objectiveTo determine the association of neurological conditions with behavioural and emotional problems in children, the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotional problems, and long-term impact of these conditions.
methodsData on multiple neurological conditions and mental health problems were available for 1,616 children (aged 6-9 years) from Kilifi, Kenya. Neurological conditions were diagnosed using standardised tools and clinical examination. Behavioural and emotional problems assessed using Child Behaviour Questionnaire for Parents. Long-term outcomes were obtained from census data of the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Logistic and linear regression were used to measure associations.
resultsMental health problems were higher in those with any neurological condition compared to those without (24% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Cognitive (odds ratio (OR) = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.59-3.59), motor (OR = 3.17; 95% CI: 1.72-5.82), hearing (OR = 2.07; 95% CI:1.12-3.83) impairments, and epilepsy (OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.69-6.48), were associated with mental health problems. Prevalence of any mental health problem was 15%, with externalizing problems more common than internalizing problems (21% vs. 17%, p = 0.004). Longitudinal follow-up indicated that the disorders affected an individual's future schooling (e.g. OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.14-1.46 following cognitive impairments), occupation (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.09-5.44 following mental health problems), and access to household assets (OR = 2.78; 95% CI: 0.99-7.85 following epilepsy).
conclusionsNeurological conditions in school-aged children in Kilifi are associated with mental health problems, and both disorders have long-term consequences. Preventive and therapeutic measures for these conditions are needed to improve outcomes of these children.
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