ArticleAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2021
Risk Factors for COVID-19: Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity.
Article in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence rates of twelve chronic diseases/conditions in US adults: findings from a population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Osmolality as a strong predictor of COVID-19 mortality and its possible links to other biomarkers.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Assessment of Healthcare and Anxiety Disorders in Patients with Chronic Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes have an increased risk for pneumonia, intensive care unit requirement, intubation, and death: A cross-sectional cohort study in Mexico in 2020.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Neurological symptoms and comorbidity profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Negative association between ascaris lumbricoides seropositivity and Covid-19 severity: insights from a study in Benin.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Impact ofDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Validating and automating learning of cardiometabolic polygenic risk scores from direct-to-consumer genetic and phenotypic data: implications for scaling precision health research.Human genomics · 2022Article
- Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has involved more than 7 million people worldwide and been associated with more than 400,000 deaths. No clear information is known about all the potential risk factors for COVID-19 or what factors adversely influence its clinical course and mortality. Therefore, we analyzed the role of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension as risk factors for COVID-19.
methodsWe identified articles for inclusion by searching PubMed and Google Scholar (last accessed 15 June 2020). Retrospective review of literature. Analysis of epidemiological data concerning obesity prevalence and COVID-19 incidence, particularly in Italy and the USA.
resultsData from several retrospective studies of prevalence showed that patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity may have more severe COVID-19, intensive care unit admission, and higher mortality rates, but it is not definitively clear if this is an independent association. In general, the prevalence of obesity in patients with COVID-19 seems to be the same as that of the general population throughout the world; however, obesity seems to be associated with more severe disease and mortality in younger (< 60 years) patients. Similar effects seem to occur in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension but at older ages (> 60 years). In strict connection, it has been proposed that the use of drugs inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) or dipeptidyl dipeptidase 4 (DPP-4) might influence viral activity and disease severity since ACE-2 and DPP-4 receptors mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells; however, no evidence exists to date that shows that this may be the case.
conclusionOverall, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity seem to negatively affect the clinical course and disease outcome in patients with COVID-19. However, these data need further confirmation by studies with more accurate data registration.
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