SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Thyroid Function and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study and trans-ethnic meta-analysis identify novel susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC medical genomics · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Study of Thyroid Function Tests and Inflammatory Markers (White Blood Cell Count and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein) in Prediabetic Patients at Tertiary Care Center.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Thyroid Hormones and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Findings From 18 Years of Follow-up in the Tehran Thyroid Study.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Nonlinear Association Between THs, TSH, and HbA1c in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Hyperthyroidism complicated with diabetes mellitus using the health promotion model: changes in thyroid hormones, glucose-lipid metabolism, and inflammatory markers.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Associations of Free Triiodothyronine With Sarcopenia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional and Sex-Stratified Analyses.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Correlation Between the Thyroid Hormone Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Population-based national incidence of thyroid dysfunction in Spain.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Effects of a multicomponent intervention on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in women with obesity- a randomized clinical trial.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity Mediates the Association Between Body Composition and Diabetes in Euthyroid Adults.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Thyroid dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A bidirectional mendelian randomization study.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for frailty based on thyroid function in older adults.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Performance validation of Abbott Alinity i chemiluminescence analyzer for five thyroid function tests.Practical laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Attenuates TSH-Lowering Effect of Metformin in Young Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diabetes mellitus secondary to endocrine diseases: a position statement of the working group of the club of the Italian society of endocrinology (SIE)-Nutrition hormones and metabolism.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring the bidirectional association between thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Hypothyroidism: playing the cardiometabolic risk concerto.Thyroid research · 2025Review
- The impact of insulin resistance on thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid follicular nodular disease in pregnant women.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThyroid hormones are important regulators of glucose metabolism, and studies investigating the association between thyroid function and type 2 diabetes incidence have shown conflicting results.
objectiveWe aimed to combine the evidence from prospective studies addressing the association between thyroid function and type 2 diabetes risk.
methodsWe systematically searched in Embase, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for prospective studies assessing the association of thyroid function and incident type 2 diabetes. Data extraction was performed using a standardized protocol by 2 independent reviewers. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI using random-effects models.
resultsFrom the 4574 publications identified, 7 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Six publications were included in the meta-analysis. Studies assessed hypothyroidism (6 studies), hyperthyroidism (5 studies), thyrotropin (TSH) in the reference range (4 studies), and free thyroxine (FT4) in the reference range (3 studies) in relation to incident type 2 diabetes. The pooled HR for the risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.52) for hypothyroidism, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.90-1.49) for hyperthyroidism, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96-1.17) for TSH in the reference range, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98) for FT4 in the reference range.
conclusionCurrent evidence suggests an increased type 2 diabetes risk in people with hypothyroidism and lower FT4 levels in the reference range. Further population-based studies are needed to address this association given the limited evidence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.