Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35136912›Full record

Observational studyArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2022

Neurocognitive Profiles in Patients With Persisting Cognitive Symptoms Associated With COVID-19.

Kamini Krishnan, Ashley K Miller, Katherine Reiter, Aaron Bonner-Jackson

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Neurocognitive Impairment in Long COVID: A Systematic Review.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Trial
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Episodic memory deficits and processes in post-COVID condition.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  10. Cognition and Long COVID: a Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Rates and Predictors of Performance Validity Test Failure in Adults Treated for Post-COVID-19 Condition: a Brief Report.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kamini KrishnanDepartment of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6741-2905
Ashley K MillerDepartment of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Katherine ReiterDepartment of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Aaron Bonner-JacksonDepartment of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Cleveland Clinic · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveA subset of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to develop persisting cognitive and medical symptoms. Research in the acute stages of illness, generally utilizing cognitive screening measures or case reports, suggests presence of deficits in attention and executive function. This observational study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals with persistent cognitive complaints about 5.5 months after COVID-19 infection.

methodsPatients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 and persistent cognitive complaints underwent comprehensive in-person neuropsychological evaluations. Patients with prior neurological disorders were excluded. When diagnosed, 40% required hospitalization, 15% were in an intensive care unit, 10% needed mechanical ventilation, and 10% experienced delirium.

resultsThis sample was predominately women (90%), White non-Hispanic (70%), with average education of 15 years. Mild cognitive deficits were seen on tests involving attention and processing speed or executive function. Seventy percent of patients were diagnosed with a mood disorder prior to COVID-19 infection. At the time of testing, 35%-40% endorsed moderate to severe mood symptoms and 85% noted significant fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale.

conclusionsThe pattern of cognitive deficits, although mild, is consistent with prior research at the acute stage of the illness. These findings suggest that psychological factors and other persisting symptoms (e.g., sleep, fatigue) may play a significant role in subjective cognitive complaints in patients with persisting complaints post COVID-19 who did not require intensive treatment. These patients would likely benefit from resources to manage persisting or new mood symptoms and compensatory strategies for the cognitive inefficiencies they experience.

Indexed as

Cognition DisordersCOVID-19CognitionFatigueFemaleHumansNeuropsychological TestsBrain fogCognitionCOVID-19Long COVIDNeuropsychology

Identifiers

PMID35136912
PMCPMC8903427
OpenAlexW4205860132

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.