ReviewJournal of family medicine and primary care2021
Magnitude and causes of routine immunization disruptions during COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries.
Review in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Universal immunization program in India: a review of childhood vaccine updates over the last decade (2014-2024).IJID regions · 2026Review
- Community-Led Defaulter Tracking for Catch-Up Vaccination: Implementation Experience in Uganda, 2022 and 2024.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in zero-dose children aged 12-23 months in India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the essential programme on immunization and paving the way for the future of immunization in Central Africa.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of an Education Toolkit Delivered by Soap Operas Among Communities Living in Extreme Poverty in Improving Vaccination Confidence in the Philippines: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Provision of under-5 health services in an underprivileged area of Bangalore through urban health centre.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Strengthening Immunization Data: Protocol for the Evaluation of an Electronic Immunization Register.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Status of Routine Immunization Coverage in the World Health Organization African Region Three Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Trends of measles in Tanzania: A 5-year review of case-based surveillance data, 2018-2022.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- [Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the immunization program for children under 5 years of age in EcuadorEfeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 no programa de imunização de menores de cinco anos no Equador].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Balancing Routine and Pandemic: The Synergy of India's Universal Immunization Program and COVID-19 Vaccination Program.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Vaccination coverage in rural Burkina Faso under the effects of COVID-19: evidence from a panel study in eight districts.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Critical factors in the successful expansion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.Vaccine: X · 2023Review
- Article
- Estimating the cost of illness of acute Japanese encephalitis and sequelae care in Vietnam and Laos: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Assessment of Disruption of Routine Childhood Immunization in Developing Countries Due to Pandemic.Cureus · 2022Review
- Vaccine acceptance in rural India: Engaging faith leaders as vaccine ambassadors.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is a threat to various routine healthcare services. India's routine immunization (RI) campaign is one of largest ever known. In this review, we discuss the magnitude of disruption of RI activities due to COVID-19 pandemic, various causes of it and recommend ways to reduce the disruptions. Prominent literature databases were searched till April 30, 2021 for articles reporting disruptions of RI due to COVID-19. One study from India and numerous from outside India reported significant declines in the vaccine coverage rates during the lockdown period, which ranged from March 2020 till August 2020 in different regions of the world. Some reported disruptions for all vaccines, while a few reported sparing of birth doses. Shortage of healthcare workers due for them being diverted to patient care services and their reduced movement due to lockdowns and non-availability of public transport were prominent causes. Parents avoided RI sessions as they feared them or their children getting infected. They also faced travel restrictions, just like the healthcare workers. Children of school entry age and those from poorer socio-demographic profile appeared to miss the doses more frequently. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India has issued guidelines for conducting fixed and outreach RI sessions while following COVID-appropriate behavior. Promptly identifying missed out children and scheduling catch-up sessions is required to sustain the gains made over the decades by the immunization program of India.
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