ReviewClinical & translational immunology2020
Therapeutic strategies to remodel immunologically cold tumors.
Review in Clinical & translational immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel super-enhancer-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immune microenvironment for breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2023Trial
- Ketogenic Diet: A Metabolic Key to Overcoming Cancer Therapy Resistance.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Phase I Study of Oncolytic Virus VV1 as Monotherapy or in Combination with Avelumab in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical application of cytokine-induced killer cells in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Introduction to animal modelling: factors and tools for choosing the optimal model for sarcoma research-a comprehensive literature review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive cells as barriers to cancer therapy: mechanisms and emerging solutions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment as a key regulator of radiotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in TNBC: current evidence and future directions for augmented anti-tumor responses.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- GRK5 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune Evasion in Testicular Cancer: Insights from Multi-Omics Analysis and Immunotherapeutic Validation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Dissecting the immune landscape in pediatric high-grade glioma reveals cell state changes under therapeutic pressure.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Modeling the response to interleukin-21 to inform natural killer cell immunotherapy.Immunology and cell biology · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy in synergy with innate immune agonists enhances T cell priming for checkpoint inhibitor treatment in pancreatic cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex ignites the tumor microenvironment through NKG2D-NKG2DL axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Combination of fruquintinib with venetoclax for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Integrated multi-optosis model for pan-cancer candidate biomarker and therapy target discovery.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Immune surveillance as a pharmacological target in the early stages of cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Overcoming immunosuppression in cancer: how ketogenic diets boost immune checkpoint blockade.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
- Uncovering the role of traditional Chinese medicine in immune-metabolic balance of gastritis from the perspective of Cold and Hot: Jin Hong Tablets as a case study.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Nano-Delivery of Immunogenic Cell Death Inducers and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Agents: Single-Nanostructure Strategies for Enhancing Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce a durable response in a wide range of tumor types, but only a minority of patients outside these 'responsive' tumor types respond, with some totally resistant. The primary predictor of intrinsic immune resistance to ICIs is the complete or near-complete absence of lymphocytes from the tumor, so-called immunologically cold tumors. Here, we propose two broad approaches to convert 'cold' tumors into 'hot' tumors. The first is to induce immunogenic tumor cell death, through the use of oncolytic viruses or bacteria, conventional cancer therapies (e.g. chemotherapy or radiation therapy) or small molecule drugs. The second approach is to target the tumor microenvironment, and covers diverse options such as depleting immune suppressive cells; inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta; remodelling the tumor vasculature or hypoxic environment; strengthening the infiltration and activation of antigen-presenting cells and/or effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment with immune modulators; and enhancing immunogenicity through personalised cancer vaccines. Strategies that successfully modify cold tumors to overcome their resistance to ICIs represent mechanistically driven approaches that will ultimately result in rational combination therapies to extend the clinical benefits of immunotherapy to a broader cancer cohort.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.