ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2022
The Female-Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post-COVID Syndrome.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and long-term outcomes of brain fog and cognitive impairment in individuals with long COVID: A systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation in the management of persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction post-COVID-19: a systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Gender Disparities in Neurological Symptoms of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Increased interleukin-6 is associated with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation, Transmucosal Laser Irradiation of Blood, or B complex as alternatives to treat Covid-19 Related Long-Term Taste Impairment: double-blind randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2023Trial
- The Use of a Handheld Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation (nVNS) Device for the Treatment of Long COVID: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of primary care & community healthTrial
- Meditations on Methodological Issues in Clinical Investigations of "Central Sensitization" (Jonah XII).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Episodic memory deficits and processes in post-COVID condition.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- A systematic scoping review and conceptual analysis of new-onset fibromyalgia manifestations after non-hospitalized COVID-19: empirics, definitions, methodologies, pathophysiology, mapping of literature, and knowledge gaps.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Advancing understanding of long COVID pathophysiology through quantum walk-based network analysis.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- The potential bidirectional relationship between long COVID and menstruation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of complement in long COVID pathogenesis.JCI insight · 2025Review
- Identification of soluble biomarkers that associate with distinct manifestations of long COVID.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Differential Fatigue Profile in Patients with Post-COVID Condition, Fibromyalgia, and Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acoustic Characteristics of Voice and Speech in Post-COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long COVID symptoms in the COVID unit of the emergency Department of Abderrahmen Mami Hospital in Tunisia: prevalence, main symptoms, and associated factors.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Long COVID-19 Infection.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- The Role of Heparin in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Other Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the clinical data from the first 108 patients seen in the Mayo Clinic post-COVID-19 care clinic (PCOCC).
methodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed the charts of the first 108 patients seen between January 19, 2021, and April 29, 2021, in the PCOCC and abstracted from the electronic medical record into a standardized database to facilitate analysis. Patients were grouped into phenotypes by expert review.
resultsMost of the patients seen in our clinic were female (75%; 81/108), and the median age at presentation was 46 years (interquartile range, 37 to 55 years). All had post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 6 clinical phenotypes being identified: fatigue predominant (n=69), dyspnea predominant (n=23), myalgia predominant (n=6), orthostasis predominant (n=6), chest pain predominant (n=3), and headache predominant (n=1). The fatigue-predominant phenotype was more common in women, and the dyspnea-predominant phenotype was more common in men. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was elevated in 61% of patients (69% of women; P=.0046), which was more common than elevation in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, identified in 17% and 20% of cases, respectively.
conclusionIn our PCOCC, we observed several distinct clinical phenotypes. Fatigue predominance was the most common presentation and was associated with elevated IL-6 levels and female sex. Dyspnea predominance was more common in men and was not associated with elevated IL-6 levels. IL-6 levels were more likely than erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein to be elevated in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.