Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2022
Non-invasive oxygenation support in acutely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a multicenter observational retrospective study.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula on hospital mortality in COVID-19-induced acute respiratory failure: a meta-analysis.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Comparison between high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- Comparison between high-flow nasal cannula and conventional oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- High-flow nasal therapy vs conventional oxygen therapy in mild COVID-19 hypoxaemia: a Bayesian reanalysis of the COVID-HIGH Trial.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Predictors of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) failure in severe community-acquired pneumonia or COVID-19.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Longitudinal recovery trajectories and ventilatory modalities in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Mortality Trend of Severe COVID-19 in Under-Vaccinated Population Admitted to ICU in French Amazonia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- High-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of intensive care · 2023Article
- Use of Electronic Clinical Data to Track Incidence and Mortality for SARS-CoV-2-Associated Sepsis.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Analysis of combined non-invasive respiratory support in the first six waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcome according to the first respiratory support.Trends in anaesthesia & critical care · 2023Article
- New and personalized ventilatory strategies in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on clinical outcomes in adults with COVID-19: A systematic review.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2023Review
- Clinical review of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in human and veterinary patients.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Observational
- Application of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Dynamics of disease characteristics and clinical management of critically ill COVID-19 patients over the time course of the pandemic: an analysis of the prospective, international, multicentre RISC-19-ICU registry.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 20 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-invasive oxygenation strategies have a prominent role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the efficacy of these therapies has been studied in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical outcomes associated with oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients remain unclear.
methodsIn this retrospective study, we used the best of nine covariate balancing algorithms on all baseline covariates in critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with > 10 L of supplemental oxygen at one of the 26 participating ICUs in Catalonia, Spain, between March 14 and April 15, 2020.
resultsOf the 1093 non-invasively oxygenated patients at ICU admission treated with one of the three stand-alone non-invasive oxygenation strategies, 897 (82%) required endotracheal intubation and 310 (28%) died during the ICU stay. High-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n = 439) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 101) were associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation (70% and 88%, respectively) than oxygen masks (n = 553 and 91% intubated), p < 0.001. Compared to oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula was associated with lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.58-0.98), and the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.21 [95% CI 0.80-1.83] for non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
conclusionIn critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients and, in the absence of conclusive data, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be the approach of choice as the primary non-invasive oxygenation support strategy.
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