Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35135560›Full record

ArticlePediatric rheumatology online journal2022

Capillary microscopy is a potential screening method for connective tissue disease in children with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Claudette A Farenhorst, Anniek M Roon, Anne I Gessel, Alja J Stel, Hendrika Bootsma, Wineke Armbrust, Douwe J Mulder

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Claudette A FarenhorstDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Anniek M RoonDeptartment of Internal Medicine, division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. a.m.van.roon01@umcg.nl.
Anne I GesselDeptartment of Internal Medicine, division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Alja J StelDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hendrika BootsmaDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wineke ArmbrustDepartment of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Douwe J MulderDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNailfold capillary microscopy (NCM) is a cornerstone in the diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) in adulthood. Although Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is very common in childhood, studies on diagnostic methods to differentiate between primary RP (PRP) and secondary RP (SRP) at a young age are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the value of NCM in differentiating between PRP and SRP in children and adolescents with RP.

methodsIn this nested case-control study, 83 patients diagnosed with RP and having underwent NCM in childhood were retrospectively included. Based on whether they were diagnosed with a connective tissue disease (CTD) during follow-up, patients were classified as PRP or SRP. NCM was performed by a vascular technician. PRP and SRP patients were compared on demographics, NCM and serology. Variables associated with SRP were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Predictive values were calculated for NCM, ANA positivity and the combination of NCM and ANA positivity.

resultsAt the time of the NCM, the mean age of the RP patients was 15.4 ± 2.3 years. Of these patients, 78.3% were classified as PRP and 21.7% as SRP at mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 3.20 years. CTDs were miscellaneous, with only one patient having developed SSc. Of the NCM parameters, only capillary loss was associated with SRP (p = 0.01). In a multivariate logistic regression model including ANA, capillary loss was not a predictor of SRP. In a model without ANAs, capillary loss was an independent predictor (OR = 3.98, CI 95% 1.22-12.99). Capillary loss had a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 84.4% for SRP. ANA combined with capillary loss had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 85.7%.

conclusionWhereas RP in adulthood is most strongly associated with SSc, children with RP seem to be at risk for developing other CTDs with less apparent NCM abnormalities. Of all NCM findings, only capillary loss was predictive for SRP. NCM did not add to the predictive value of ANA screening. However, with a specificity of 84.4% and being non-invasive, NCM shows potential as a screening method for SRP. More research with a larger study population is required before drawing conclusions.

Indexed as

AdolescentCapillariesCase-Control StudiesChildConnective Tissue DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopyNailsPredictive Value of TestsRaynaud DiseaseRetrospective StudiesConnective tissue diseaseNailfold capillary microscopyRaynaud’s phenomenon

Identifiers

PMID35135560
PMCPMC8822798
OpenAlexW4210926420

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.