ArticleJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology2022
How Vitamin D Levels of Children Changed During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Periods
Article in Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D status in children with mild, moderate, or severe confirmed COVID-19: systematic-review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Serum IL-6 and IL-18 responses in COVID-19 in children: the role of vitamin D status in a cohort from Azerbaijan.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Pandemic-related changes in seasonal vitamin D disparities among preschool children: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Status in Children: Romania's National Vitamin D Screening Programme in Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Dramatic Deterioration of Subclinical Hyperparathyroidism in Children and Adolescents During the Post-COVID-19 Period.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Retrospective Serologic Assessment of Vitamin D Levels in Children from Western Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Variations in vitamin D status among Chinese children aged 1-6 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 in Children and Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Importance of Return to Usual and School Activities After Social Isolation in Recovering Vitamin D Concentrations, Physical Fitness, and Motor Performance in Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on serum vitamin D concentration in Korean children.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- Mediation Effect of Social Distancing on Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Related Clinical Outcomes during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The role of vitamin D in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus - a double pawn in the immune and microbial balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impact of COVID lockdown: Increased prevalence of symptomatic Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation During COVID-19 Lockdown and After 20 Months: Follow-Up Study on Slovenian Women Aged Between 44 and 66.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2023Article
- Decreased vitamin D levels in the pediatric population after COVID-19 lockdown.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
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- Vitamin D Levels in the Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Periods and Related Confinement at Pediatric Age.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19.Pediatric research · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The synthesis of vitamin D is related to sun exposure, thus the restrictions during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected the levels of vitamin D in all age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D levels of healthy children and adolescents during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: The study group included healthy children and adolescents who were admitted for general check-ups and evaluated with 25(OH)D levels. Then, it was divided into two groups: Group 1 “pre-pandemic”, and Group 2 “pandemic”. Vitamin D levels were recorded from the hospital database and were compared according to age groups, gender, and the season, retrospectively. Results: The study group [mean age=90.29±59.45 median age=79 interquartile range (IQR): 102 months, male/female: 1409/1624] included 3033 children and adolescents (Group 1/Group 2 n=1864/1169). Although the mean 25(OH)D levels among preschool children did not differ between groups, the vitamin D levels of school-aged children and adolescents were significantly lower in the pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic period [Group 1 median=16.50 (IQR: 10.5) vs Group 2 median=15.9 (IQR: 11.3) in 6-12 age group (p=0.026); Group 1 median=13.30 (IQR: 10.2) vs Group 2 median=11.20 (IQR: 9.7) in 12-18 age group (p=0.003)]. Moreover, the 25(OH)D levels of adolescents showed seasonal variance with lower levels in winter, and unexpectedly, in summer. Conclusion: Pandemic-related restrictions have caused significant decreases in vitamin D levels of school-aged children and adolescents. We suggest that children and adolescents should be given vitamin D supplementation in order to maintain sufficient levels of vitamin D during the pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.