ArticleAge and ageing2022
Education as a moderator of middle-age cardiovascular risk factor-old-age cognition relationships: testing cognitive reserve hypothesis in epidemiological study.
Article in Age and ageing, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in older adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies.British journal of sports medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Data-driven leisure-time physical activity trajectories of over 46 years and their associations with cognition in nonagenarians: a cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Association Between Relative Fat Mass and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Social Determinants of Health.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3 and cognitive decline in Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Systematic analysis of associations between obesity and memory decline.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Epigenetic aging and lifespan reflect reproductive history in the Finnish Twin Cohort.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Controlling for polygenic genetic confounding in epidemiologic association studies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with cognitive functions - a prospective, population-based, 17 years follow-up study of 3,229 individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors among older persons with cognitive frailty in middle income country.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes-related foot complications: A cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Controlling for polygenic genetic confounding in epidemiologic association studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ten-words recall test: an effective tool to differentiate mild cognitive impairment from subjective cognitive decline.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Depressive Symptomatology as a Predictor of Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLOSA), 2006-2020.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Item-Level Scores on the Boston Naming Test as an Independent Predictor of Perirhinal Volume in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Trajectory of multimorbidity before dementia: A 24-year follow-up study.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundhigher educational attainment and less midlife cardiovascular risk factors are related to better old-age cognition. Whether education moderates the association between cardiovascular risk factors and late-life cognition is not known. We studied if higher education provides resilience against the deteriorative effects of higher middle-age body mass index (BMI) and a combination of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on old-age cognition.
methodsthe study population is the older Finnish Twin Cohort (n = 4,051, mean age [standard deviation, SD] = 45.5 years [6.5]). Cardiovascular risk factors and education were studied at baseline with questionnaires in 1975, 1981 and/or 1990 (participation rates of 89, 84 and 77%, respectively). Cognition was evaluated with telephone interviews (participation rate 67%, mean age [SD] =73.4 [2.9] years, mean follow-up [SD] = 27.8 [6.0] years) in 1999-2017. We studied the main and interactive effects of education and BMI/dementia risk score on late-life cognition with linear regression analysis. The study design was formulated before the pre-defined analyses.
resultsyears of education moderated the association between BMI with old-age cognition (among less educated persons, BMI-cognition association was stronger [B = -0.24 points per BMI unit, 95% CI -0.31, -0.18] than among more educated persons [B = -0.06 points per BMI unit, 95% CI -0.16, 0.03], Pinteraction < 0.01). There was a similar moderating effect of education on dementia risk score consisting of cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.001).
conclusionsour results support the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Those with higher education may tolerate the deteriorative effects of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on old-age cognition better than those with lower education.
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