SynthesisInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2022
Systematic review and meta-analysis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19.
Synthesis in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell.Physiological reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the efficacy and safety of Antitoxin and Antipyretic Decoction in treating acute respiratory viral infections with Wind-Heat Obstruction of the Exterior and Heat Invading the Lung Defense a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Unmasking Risk Factors for Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction Resulting From Early Stages of the Pandemic: A Case-Control Study of Lost and Lingering Smells.The Permanente journal · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Observational
- Why dogs prefer zoomies to zoom and what it tells us about the importance of in-person meetings for learning and memory.Cognitive processing · 2025Article
- Post COVID-19 and Long COVID Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Sensory Dysfunction, Microbial Infections, and Host Responses in Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Mapping the vast landscape of multisystem complications of COVID-19: Bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Inflammation-related pathology in the olfactory epithelium: its impact on the olfactory system in psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Long-Term Taste and Smell Outcomes After COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrating the patient's voice into the research agenda for treatment of chemosensory disorders.Chemical senses · 2024Article
- MRI evidence of olfactory system alterations in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms.Journal of neurology · 2023Observational
- Longitudinal Abnormalities in Brain Structure in COVID-19 Patients.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- Validity and reliability of a french version of the olfactory disorders questionnaire.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale · 2022Article
- Validity and Reliability of the French Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire-10.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialeArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChemosensory disorders associated with COVID-19 have been widely discussed during the pandemic. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the risk factors for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.
methodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for studies published between December 1, 2019, and August 31, 2021. We selected random-effects model or fixed-effects model to pool data based on heterogeneity. The results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was reported as I
resultsTwenty-six studies with a total of 13,813 patients were included. The pooled data indicated that sex (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.93-2.31), age (SMD -5.80; 95% CI -13.35 to 1.75), smoking (OR 2.04; 95% CI 0.72-5.79), and comorbidity (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.58-2.53) of patients with COVID-19 had no effect on gustatory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction was more likely to occur in older patients with COVID-19 (SMD, -5.22; 95% CI, -8.28 to -2.16). Patients with COVID-19 with nasal congestion (OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.30-5.06) and rhinorrhea (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.60-3.45) were more prone to olfactory dysfunction.
conclusionThese findings emphasize that older patients with COVID-19 are more likely to experience olfactory dysfunction. Symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea may affect the recognition of olfactory dysfunction.
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