ReviewIndoor air2022
Modeling the factors that influence exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on a subway train carriage.
Review in Indoor air, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions as implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The Wells-Riley Model Revisited II: Parameter Uncertainty and Population Heterogeneity.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Risk assessment of communicable respiratory diseases transmission based on social contact networks: a primary school contact data survey conducted with portable high-precision devices.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mechanistic within-host mathematical model of inhalational anthrax.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The relative effectiveness of personal protective equipment and environmental controls in protecting healthcare workers from Covid-19.Annals of work exposures and health · 2025Article
- Wind velocity and dispersion/advection-diffusion of artificial droplets and droplet nuclei in a domed all-weather multi-purpose stadium.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- COVID-19 transmission and control in land public transport: A literature review.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- Reducing Transmission of Airborne Respiratory Pathogens: A New Beginning as the COVID-19 Emergency Ends.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Review
- The multi-dimensional challenges of controlling respiratory virus transmission in indoor spaces: Insights from the linkage of a microscopic pedestrian simulation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission model.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of mask mandates on subways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United States.PloS one · 2024Article
- Social Distance Approximation on Public Transport Using Stereo Depth Camera and Passenger Pose Estimation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- how these findings canPublic transport: lessons learned by the sector through the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Laboratory Evaluation of a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Based Antimicrobial Coating Used in Public Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Effectiveness of an Usnic-Acid-Containing Self-Decontaminating Coating on Underground Metro Surfaces in Athens.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Modeling the effect of temperature and relative humidity on exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a mechanically ventilated room.Indoor air · 2022Article
- Longitudinal changes in proportionate mortality due to COVID-19 by occupation in England and Wales.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Article
- Impact of pre-pandemic travel mobility patterns on the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 in South Korea.Journal of transport & health · 2022Article
- Modeling the factors that influence exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on a subway train carriage.Indoor air · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We propose the Transmission of Virus in Carriages (TVC) model, a computational model which simulates the potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for passengers traveling in a subway rail system train. This model considers exposure through three different routes: fomites via contact with contaminated surfaces; close-range exposure, which accounts for aerosol and droplet transmission within 2 m of the infectious source; and airborne exposure via small aerosols which does not rely on being within 2 m distance from the infectious source. Simulations are based on typical subway parameters and the aim of the study is to consider the relative effect of environmental and behavioral factors including prevalence of the virus in the population, number of people traveling, ventilation rate, and mask wearing as well as the effect of model assumptions such as emission rates. Results simulate generally low exposures in most of the scenarios considered, especially under low virus prevalence. Social distancing through reduced loading and high mask-wearing adherence is predicted to have a noticeable effect on reducing exposure through all routes. The highest predicted doses happen through close-range exposure, while the fomite route cannot be neglected; exposure through both routes relies on infrequent events involving relatively few individuals. Simulated exposure through the airborne route is more homogeneous across passengers, but is generally lower due to the typically short duration of the trips, mask wearing, and the high ventilation rate within the carriage. The infection risk resulting from exposure is challenging to estimate as it will be influenced by factors such as virus variant and vaccination rates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.