ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021
Repeated influenza vaccination and hospitalization outcomes among older patients with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- From respiratory diseases to nervous system disorders: Unraveling the certified causes of influenza-associated deaths in Poland from 2000 to 2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of influenza vaccination on in-hospital death in older adults with respiratory diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza vaccination in a single season protects against hospitalization outcomes among older adults hospitalized for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, but the effectiveness of repeated influenza vaccination is less clear. Four hospitalization outcomes (in-hospital death, re-admission, length of stay, and direct medical costs) were extracted from the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database in 2015-2016 for adults aged ≥60 years hospitalized for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. Vaccination status during three influenza seasons (2013/2014-2015/2016) was ascertained through linkages to the Beijing Elderly Influenza Vaccination database. The summer months (June-August) were used as a reference period to control unmeasured confounders during the influenza season. There were 99,135 periods of observation in the analysis, with 8.3% participants receiving influenza vaccination in all three seasons. After adjusting for confounders, influenza vaccination in all three seasons was associated with a lower risk of re-admission among patients with cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio 0.71 [95% CI 0.53-0.96]) and a lower risk of death among patients with respiratory diseases (0.68 [0.46-0.98]) compared with those unvaccinated in any season. Among patients with cardiovascular diseases, influenza vaccination in all three seasons was also associated with a non-significant lower risk of death (0.66 [0.44-1.03]) in addition to shorter hospital stays and lower direct medical costs. When stratified by history of vaccination, the effectiveness of current season vaccination was similar among patients with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases (
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